The biochemical effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the ipsilateral and contralateral testes of rats and the protective role of melatonin

Testicular torsion (TT) is a serious urologic emergency that is observed in adolescent males and that can lead to infertility if left untreated. The ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury due to TT has been implicated in the pathogenesis of testicular damage. We investigated the effects of melatonin on oxidative damage in the ipsilateral and contralateral testes of rats induced by unilateral TT. A total of 21 prepubertal male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups, each consisting of seven rats. In Group 1 (SHAM group): a sham operation to the left testis and bilateral orchiectomy were performed. In Group 2 (I/R group): I/R injury was created by rotating the left testis 720° in a clockwise direction for 2 h and detorsing the testis after 2 h. Group 3 (I/R + MEL group): rats were subjected to I/R injury and one-shot melatonin injection (50 mg kg?1, intraperitoneal (i.p.)). The testes of the rats were excised bilaterally in all groups. The testicular tissue activities of antioxidant catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase enzymes (GSH-Px), and the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and nitric oxide (NO) were determined. Administration of melatonin caused a signifi cant decrease in lipid peroxidation and enzyme activities in the ipsilateral testis when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). All of the changes in the enzyme activities of the contralateral testis were insignificant (P > 0.05). MDA levels were signifi cantly altered in the contralateral testis (P = 0.009). Melatonin administration decreased the deleterious effects of I/R injury in the ipsilateral torted testes of the rats. The contralateral testes were slightly affected by unilateral TT

Renal Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney with Synchronous Ipsilateral Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis

A 73-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with flank pain and gross macroscopic hematuria. Radiologic examination revealed a solid mass in the left kidney and additionally another mass in the ureteropelvic junction of the same kidney with severe hydronephrosis. Left nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff removel was performed, and histopathological evolution showed a Fuhrman grade 3 clear cell type RCC with low-grade TCC of the pelvis

Neuroblastoma diagnosed after surgery for a benign condition

We report a case of neuroblastoma diagnosed in an infant 8 months old who was being followed-up due to antenatal hydronephrosis. Postnatal imaging findings were suggestive of bilateral UPJ obstruction. Left pyeloplasty was performed on the postnatal third month. An emergent early postoperative CT scan, performed due to considerable decrease in Hb/Htc values, revealed negative results for any kind of collection or tumor. At the postoperative fourth month, USG revealed a solid left adrenal mass. Blood and urine test results were suggestive of neuroblastoma. On surgical exploration adrenal mass was excised. Pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Patient had stage 1 disease with favourable histopathologic features. This low-risk tumor, can be treated with primary surgery alone with excellent outcomes. Neuroblastoma either detected by mass screening programs or diagnosed incidentally on urinary tract imaging expected to be localized and have a good prognosis

THE COMPARISON OF TWO TECHNIQUES OF URETERAL TAILORING: EXCISIONAL TAPERING AND STARR PLICATION

Introduction: The aim of the study is to evaluate the outcome of excisional tapering and Starr plication for ureteral tailoring in megaureter reimplantation

SARCOMATOID CARCINOMA OF THE URINARY BLADDER

Introduction: Most of bladder tumors are urothelial cell carcinomas. Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare tumor of the urinary bladder and accounts for approximately 0.3% of all bladder malignancies. In these tumors, histogenesis and biological behavior remain controversial. Herein, we report five cases of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder

THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FOCAL AND WIDESPREAD SQUAMOUS AND GLANDULAR DIFFERENTIATION IN UROTHELIAL CANCERS OF THE BLADDER

Introduction: The most common histologic type of bladder cancers is urothelial carcinoma, accounting for 90% and 95% of bladder cancers. Urinary bladder carcinomas may sometimes have diverse histologic features, which differ from the conventional urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. These divergent tumors are divided into four major categories as: variant forms of urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. In the first category, the most common divergent tumor group is the carcinomas with squamous and/or glandular differentiation. Squamous differentiation occurs in up to 10-20% of urothelial carcinomas of the bladder and glandular differentiation is less common than squamous differentiation. The clinical significance of squamous and glandular differentiation remains uncertain. In this study, we evaluated the effects of focal and widespread squamous and/or glandular differentiation on stage, grade and survival of bladder tumor patients at presentation