Individual preferences, social mobility and electoral outcomes

This paper models data for the Netherlands in the 1970s on prestige of male's occupation, occupational prestige of the father and ‘left/right’ score of the political party he prefers. One set of hypotheses holds that individuals behave according to economic self-interest, another set postulates a status motive. The former specify additive effects, the latter interaction effects. It is argued that these hypotheses have to be tested with Diagonal Mobility Models. A result of their application is that an economic diagonal model fits best.\ud \ud This paper also discusses macroimplications of these models for individual data. To determine macroeffects of status models, it is necessary to ascertain the total percentage of mobile persons in a society. For the macro-application of economic models, the amount of mobility necessitated by a country's opportunity structure is relevant. The latter is much smaller than the former. As an economic model was corroborated, macroeffects of social mobility on a society's political outcome are smaller than might have been suspected

Denomination, Religious Context, and Suicide: Neo-Durkheimian Multilevel Explanations Tested with Individual and Contextual Data

In Suicide, Durkheim found that involvement in religious communities is inversely related to suicide risk. In this article, two explanations for this relationship are examined. One is that religious networks provide support. The other is that religious communities prohibit suicide. To examine these hypotheses, individual-level data on suicide in the Netherlands from 1936 to 1973 are used. The results show that with an increase in the proportion of religious persons in a municipality, the chances of committing suicide decrease for every denomination in that municipality, as well as among nonchurch members. Furthermore, along with the secularization of Dutch society, the impact of religious composition on suicide wanes. These results contradict the network-support mechanism and confirm the notion that religious communities have a general protective effect against suicide.

Constraints on the Dynamic Contribution to 21st-Century Sea Level Rise from Greenland Outlet Glaciers

Numerical models currently in use for projections of future ice sheet mass balance lack a mechanistic description of iceberg calving, introducing uncertainty in the future glaciological contribution to global sea level. Constraining dynamic mass loss associated with particular future scenarios can help us parse that uncertainty. We have modified the plastic approximation of Nye (1952) to apply to ocean- terminating glaciers (published derivation: Ultee & Bassis, 2016) and generate physically consistent constraints on dynamic mass loss. Our approach accounts for the interaction of multiple glacier tributary branches (published methods: Ul- tee & Bassis, 2017) and their contribution to sea level. For four large Greenland outlet glacier catchments—Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), Koge Bugt, Hel- heim, and Kangerlussuaq Glaciers—we find an upper bound of 29 mm on dy- namic contribution to sea level after 100 years of warming. This bound accounts for dynamic loss only and can be summed with surface mass balance projections to bound the total glaciological contribution to sea level from those catchments. The convergence of upper bounds derived from our two strongest forcing scenar- ios agrees with studies that suggest surface mass balance will dominate future mass loss from Greenland. Although our work is motivated by coastal communities’ exposure to rising seas, the constraints we produce here are unlikely to be immediately usable for coastal adaptation. Intermediaries such as extension agents, climate consultants, or re- gional science-policy boundary organizations may be able to tailor our results for use in local adaptation contexts (published commentary: Ultee, Arnott, Bassis, & Lemos, 2018). Understanding the landscape of science intermediation, as well as working directly with stakeholders, can help researchers produce more usable sea level information.PhDAtmospheric, Oceanic & Space ScienceUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145794/1/ehultee_1.pd

Outcome Following Peripheral Nerve Injury of the Forearm

Loss of hand function can be a frightening experience, the hand is an integral part of what makes us human. Nowhere else in the body is there such an amazing and complex functioning of bones, joints, muscles, tendons, nerves, blood vessels and skin as in the hand. The proper function and balance of all these elements is required for the hand to function to its full potential. The hands are the primary tool for interacting with our environment and, through touch, are also crucial for receiving information about our surroundings. About a quarter of the motor cortex in the human brain (the part of the brain which controls all movement in the body) is devoted to the muscles of the hands. This is usually illustrated with a drawing of a human figure draped over the side of the brain, body parts sized proportional to the amount of brain devoted to their movement, referred to as a homunculus - as illustrated in this drawing from Dr. Wilder Penfield’s monograph “The Cerebral Cortex of Man”. Until illness or injury forces people to focus on the importance of their hands, few people ever consider the consequences of being unable to use them. Any loss of hand function can have serious economic and psychological consequences. In fact, losing the use of your hand often means losing your job. Our hands are also part of our identity. Patients with severe upper extremity injuries can suffer psychologically from post-traumatic stress disorder. Unfortunately, we often fail to appreciate the function of the upper limb until it is injured, and that happens quite often

New test for Down’s raises important ethical questions

For a pregnant woman, easily and safely finding out for certain whether her baby will have Down’s syndrome is an attractive prospect. The point of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD), as with current tests, is to give information about the health of the foetus. It’s just that this test is risk free and doesn’t need a needle to be inserted into a woman’s uterus. Should we worry about medicine making this test safer? This test is an amazing development. Imagine the heartbreak of having an invasive test to then miscarry as a result. But before we roll this test out across the NHS, we need to address important ethical questions.This article was written by Dr Ainsley Newson during the time of her employment with the University of Bristol, UK (2006-2012). Self-archived in the Sydney eScholarship Repository with permission of Bristol University, Sept 2014

Und alles kam wie es kommen musste:In Amsterdam, Berlin, Budapest, Frankfurt, Riga, and Vienna? Jewish-Gentile intermarriage 1900-1940

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Aesthetics for Visual Arts in Hospitals

The impetus for Aesthetics for Art in Hospitals emerged from my first waiting experiences in hospitals whilst being well, from my first pregnancy check ups ten years ago, accompanying my children to our doctor’s surgery, and later, sitting with my mother in palliative care; I was acutely aware of the lack of thought and organisation behind the display of visual imagery and signage in hospital waiting rooms. As an artist, I wondered who decides what images will be displayed in waiting areas of health clinics and hospitals. This idea gradually developed from 2005 when I attended the Arts Health and Humanities Conference in Newcastle, and realised that patient’s perspectives regarding aesthetics appeared to be overlooked. It was from this point that this inquiry became a research project that led me to the University of Sydney and in particular to The Sydney College of the Arts and the Medical Humanities Unit. This thesis is the outcome of this original inquiry and examines the questions, how can visual arts be received in hospitals? and how does western society represent illness and death? These questions explores how patients, their family members, and carers respond to art in hospitals, while acknowledging their discomfort experienced in hospital settings. This inquiry took the form of a comparative case study between Balmain and Wyong Hospitals, NSW, Australia. The aim of the study was to produce a reflective and empathetic response to elderly patients in waiting rooms as a mode to investigate the potential of evidence based art for hospitals. The intention was to produce a series of digital photographs that reflected the art preference of elderly patients. The outcomes of the study uncovered the patients waiting experience and recorded their levels of discomfort. It established the potential and significance of landscape photography in hospital waiting rooms to create a less threatening environment. The participants selected landscapes as their preferred subject matter for visual arts in hospitals. The study contributes to Australian arts health research by comparing Australian arts health projects to international examples. These comparisons indicate that further research is required to comprehensively understand the hospital waiting experience of Australian patients, and their family members in order to create visual arts that they can appreciate and respond to

Science: a model and a metaphor in the work of four British composers

Many composers of the 20th century have drawn upon science in their endeavours to create music. The development of technologies has been an additional impetus for composers to interface with scientific and technological paradigms. This thesis explores the extent and scope of the application of scientific metaphors and models in the compositional œuvres of four British-born composers of the later half of the 20th century: Richard Barrett, Chris Dench, James Dillon and Brian Ferneyhough. These composers have been commonly regarded as part of a group called the ‘New Complexity’. Much of the discourse about this group has centred on the dense polyphonic textures and formidable rhythms that feature in their work. This study extends the understanding of the composers from the surface characteristics of their projects to the ideas and conceptualisation that lies behind them, with the aim of clarifying essential differences and similarities among the individual composers. The thesis finds that, although all four composers share an interest in science and a belief in its relevance to their compositional projects, specific differences can be identified in the application of scientific metaphors and models. Moreover, the findings indicate that the composers often couple these scientific references with notions of cognition. The linking of these scientific tropes to cognition not only reveals the significance of science in the composers’ respective projects, but also points us to a deeper understanding of what these composers consider music to mean

Evolving eusociality: The effects of manipulation, relatedness and genetic diversity.

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