Stabilizing intrinsic defects in SnO2_{2}

TThe magnetism and electronic structure of Li-doped SnO$_{2}$ are investigated using first-principles LDA/LDA$+U$ calculations. We find that Li induces magnetism in SnO$_{2}$ when doped at the Sn site but becomes non-magnetic when doped at the O and interstitial sites. The calculated formation energies show that Li prefers the Sn site as compared with the O site, in agreement with previous experimental works. The interaction of Li with native defects (Sn V$_\mathrm{Sn}$ and O V$_\mathrm{O}$ vacancies) is also studied, and we find that Li not only behaves as a spin polarizer, but also a vacancy stabilizer, i.e. Li significantly reduces the defect formation energies of the native defects and helps the stabilization of magnetic oxygen vacancies. The electronic densities of states reveals that these systems, where the Fermi level touches the conduction (valence) band, are non-magnetic (magnetic).cancies. The electronic densities of states reveal that those systems, where the Fermi levels touch the conduction (valence) band, are non-magnetic (magnetic).Comment: Phys. Rev. B (2013), Accepte

Impact of Selected Soil Physical Properties on Emergence of Maize Crop in Peshawar Valley

A research experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of selected soil physical properties on emergence of maize crop in Peshawar valley. Two research trials were carried out during the year 2011-12 at the Malakandhir Farm of the University Agriculture Peshawar. Nine treatments were arranged in RCBD with 4 replications with a total of 36 plots. The maize variety Jalal was planted using a maize planter having a seed rate 50 kg.ha-1. The maximum penetration resistance at 0-20 cm depth of 243.70 N cm-2 was recorded in plots prepared by cultivator twice followed by planking while minimum penetration resistance of 234.70 Ncm-2 was recorded in plots prepared by mould board plough followed by rotavator. Mean values for tractor passes showed that maximum penetration resistance of 242.79 Ncm-2was noted in plots that received four tractor pass while minimum penetration resistance of 238.28 Ncm-2was noted in plots that received zero tractor passes. Maximum bulk density of 1.35 g.cm-3 was recorded from plots prepared by cultivator twice followed by planking while lower bulk density of 1.27 g.cm-3 was recorded from plots prepared by mold board plough followed by rotavator. Mean values for tractor passes showed that lower bulk density of 1.28 g.cm-3 were noted from plots that received zero passes while maximum bulk density of 1.34 g.cm-3 were recorded from plots that received 4 tractor passes. Maximum days to emergence of 5.56 were recorded from plots prepared by cultivator twice followed by planking while fewer days of 5.45 were recorded for emergence of maize in plots prepared by mould board plough followed by rotavator. Mean values for tractor passes showed that more days of 6.13 were noted for emergence of maize in plots that received four tractor pass while  less days 5.20 were observed with in plots that received zero tractor passes. More number of plants of 9.90 m-2 of maize emerged in plots prepared by mould board plough followed by rotavator while fewer plants of 9.66 m-2 of maize emerged in plots plough by cultivator twice followed by planking. Mean values for tractor passes showed that maximum emergence of 10.00 m-2 of maize plants were noted from plots that received zero tractor pass while maximum emergence of 9.26 m-2 of maize plants were noted from plots that received four passes of tractor. Keywords?Penetration Resistance, Bulk Density, Emergence, Tillage, Compaction, Maiz

Aggressive Central Giant Cell Granuloma: A Case Report

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign non odontogenic lesion of jaw that may show aggressive behavior. It is classified as aggressive and non-aggressive lesion on the basis of biological behavior and radiographic features. Central giant cell lesion is more frequent in children and young adult before the age of 30 years with female predilection, with characteristic radiological and histopathological features. Here we present a case of a 35 years old female with clinical and radiological diagnosis of central giant cell lesion in posterior mandible confirmed by histopathology. A surgical approach with regular follow up is the treatment of choice in most of the cases. Key Words: Calcitonin, Corticosteroid, Curettage, Enucleation, Giant cell lesio

Entropy generation from convective–radiative moving exponential porous fins with variable thermal conductivity and internal heat generations

The performance and thermal properties of convective-radiative rectangular and moving exponential porous fins with variable thermal conductivity together with internal heat generation are investigated. The second law of thermodynamics is used to investigate entropy generation in the proposed fins. The model is numerically solved using shooting technique. It is observed that the entropy generation depends on porosity parameter, temperature ratio, temperature distribution, thermal conductivity and fins structure. It is noted that entropy generation for a decay exponential fin is higher than that of a rectangular fin which is greater than that of a growing exponential fin. Moreover, entropy generation decreases as thermal conductivity increases. The results also reveal that entropy generation is maximum at the fin's base and the average entropy production depends on porosity parameters and temperature ratio. It is further reveal that the temperature ratio has a smaller amount of influence on entropy as compared to porosity parameter. It is concluded that when the temperature ratio is increases from 1.1 to 1.9, the entropy generation number is also increase by 30% approximately. However, increasing porosity from 1 to 80 gives 14-fold increase in average entropy generation.The authors are grateful to the government of Spain for its support through grant RTI2018-094336-B-100 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and to the Government of Basque for its support through Grant IT1207-19

Effect of Phytobiocides in Controlling Soft Rot of Tomato

The effect of various phytobicides such as Oleander, Chili, Mint, Garlic, Turmeric, and Neem on the control of soft rot of tomato was made both in laboratory and screen house conditions. Significant (P ? 0.05) differences were found among different phytobiocides which were used to produce zone of inhibition (in mm) of Erwinia carotovora carotovora (on culture medium LB). Maximum zone of bacterial growth inhibition was achieved by turmeric (9.33 mm) followed by neem (7.33mm) and garlic (6.33mm). The screen house studies indicated that turmeric treated plants gave maximum height (61.67 cm), fresh shoot weight (35.68 g), fresh root weight (9.88 g), dry shoot weight (8.00 g), and dry root weight (3.25 g) followed by Neem and Garlic. These phytobiocides especially turmeric could serve as novel antibacterial agents. Key words: Phytobiocides, Erwinia, Turmeric, Zone of inhibition

Maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy with heart disease in tertiary care hospital in India

Background: Cardiac disease is an important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity both in antepartum and postpartum period. The overall incidence of heart disease in pregnancy is <1%. Objective of present study was to determine maternal outcome in pregnant women with heart diseases in terms of fetal complication, maternal complication and Mode of delivery.Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Government Lalla Ded Hospital, an associated of Government Medical College, Srinagar which is the sole tertiary care referral centre in the valley. 90 women with heart disease which were previously established   or diagnosed during pregnancy were enrolled in the study.Results: In 90 women pregnancies was complicated by heart disease in the study. The prevalence of heart disease amongst all pregnancies found in hospital was 4.3%. The principal cause of cardiac lesion was Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) (56.6%) while congenital heart disease was seen in 13.3%. Among the women who had RHD, mitral stenosis seen in 21 (23.3%) was most common lesion and Multiple cardiac lesions 21 (24.4%) women. Among the women with congenital cardiac disease, mitral valve prolapse was most common constituting 5 (5%) cases. Cardiomyopathy was the most common constituting 7 (7.3%). Heart failure developed in 10 (11.1%) whose NYHA class changed from class I/II to class III/IV. Majority of the women delivered by caesarean section 33 (36.7%) while (35.6%) had a normal vaginal delivery with spontaneous onset of labour. 7% had assisted instrumental vaginal delivered.  9% women had first trimester abortion. There were 4 maternal deaths. 85.6% live births were observed in these women. No baby had congenital heart disease.  72.8% babies born weighed more than 2kg.Conclusions: This study concluded that pre- pregnancy diagnosis, counselling, appropriate referral, antenatal supervision and delivery at equipped centre improve the pregnancy with heart disease outcome for both mother and baby

Influece of Tillage and Mulching Practices on Soil Physical Properties under Semi-Arid Environment

Impact of tillage practices and mulching on the yield of maize crop under semi-arid environment was studied at Malakandher Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during Kharif, 2012. The experiment was laid out in factorial experiment with randomized complete block design having nine treatments, four replication and 36 plots.Three tillage practices (Cultivator 4 times followed by planking, mould board plough followed by rotavator and cultivator twice followed by planking) and three mulching levels (wheat mulch, barseem mulch and control) were used. Tillage practices were alloted to main plots and mulching levels to subplots.Tillage practices had a significant effect on bulk density (g cm-3), moisture contents (%),soil porosity (%) and penetration resistance.Maximum bulk density at 0-20 cm depth (1.25 g cm-3), bulk density at 21-40 cm depth (1.46 g cm-3), moisture contents at 0-20 cm (18.50 %), moisture contents at 21-40 cm depth (17.55 %), soil porosity (49.50 %) and penetration resistance (233.35 Ncm-2). Mulching has also a significant effect on bulk density (g cm-3), moisture contents (%), soil porosity (%) and penetration resistance. Similarly, due to mulching practices there is a maximum bulk density of 1.29 g cm-3 at 0-20 cm depth, a bulk density of 1.50 g cm-3 at 21-40 cm depth, moisture contents at 0-20 cm (17.13 %), moisture contents at 21-40 cm depth (17.43 %), soil porosity (51.53 %) and penetration resistance (238.29 Ncm-2). It was concluded that the combination of wheat straw mulch and mould board plough fallowed by rotavator were proved fruitful in improving soil physical properties under semi-arid environment. Keywords: Tillage, Mulching, Bulk Density, Moisture Contents, Soil Porosity, Penetration Resistanc

Sowing Dates and Irrigation Schedule Influenced on Yiled and Yield Components of Berseem in District Peshawar

The present research was conducted for the purpose to find out the effect of sowing dates and irrigation schedule influenced on yield and yield components of berseem in district Peshawar. The experiment was carried out at New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Paktunkhwa, Pakistan during 2012-2013. The experiment was planted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication having split plot arrangements. Irrigation schedule (2, 5, 7 and 10) were allotted to main plots (Factor A) and Four sowing dates (15th November 2012, 15th December 2012, 15th January 2013, and 15th February 2013) were allotted to sub plots (Factor B).  Plots sown in November and December showed better performance as compared with sowing in January and February. Sowing dates had significant effect on all parameter. Maximum receme weight (2.99 g), thousand grain weight (3.52 g), number of seeds head-1 (45), biological yield (8003 kg ha-1) and seed yield (653 kg ha-1) were obtained from sowing on 15th November. Irrigation schedule also had significant effect on receme weight (g), number of seeds head-1, thousand grain weight (g), biological yield (kg ha-1) and seed yield (kg ha-1). Receme weight (2.76 g), number of seeds head-1 (40), thousand grain weight (3.55 g), biological yield (8530 kg ha-1) and seed yield (508 kg ha-1) were highest with 10 irrigations treatment, while two irrigations resulted minimum non productive branches plant-1 (1.48), receme weight (2.02 g ), thousand grain weight (2.99 g ), number of seeds head-1 (33) and seed yield (429 kg ha-1). It was concluded that planting of berseem either on 15th November or 15th December with ten irrigations were better in term seed yield production, and thus recommended for obtaining maximum yield in agro-climatic condition of Peshawar. Keywords:Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)  Sowing dates, irrigation number Seed yield, yield component

Intracranial Extra-axial Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma; a Case Report

Introduction: Head and neck sarcomas result in high mortality rates. A lot of new cases of sarcomas are diagnosed every year constituting about 1 % of all head and neck malignancies. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) are high grade soft tissue malignant tumors which occur primarily in limbs and retroperitoneal cavities. These tumors can often metastasize to the central nervous system. However, in rare instances, soft tissue sarcomas may develop as a primary lesion within the intracranial compartments. Case description: A young male presented to the clinic with occipital headache and blurring of vision. Initial workup included brain contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The CECT suggested that there was an extra-axial mass present which was pressing against the adjacent left frontal lobe. Overlying frontal bone of the left side showed remodeling effect and associated mild periosteal reaction. MRI scan showed intracranial extra-axial lobulated mass with T1 intermediate to low signal intensity and intermediate to high signals on T2 sequences. Heterogeneous enhancement on post-contrast sequences was also seen. The lesion had a broad-based attachment with dura mater and was closely applied to the orbital roof without orbital invasion. Staging Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) scan showed a solitary site of disease in an intracranial location. Final diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology following excision of mass as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Post-surgery MRI brain showed satisfactory postoperative appearance without any residual disease. Patient remained asymptomatic for 2 years and 6 months following the resection of the tumor. Practical implications: Most of the extra-axial intracranial soft tissue tumors arise from the meninges with meningiomas making the substantial bulk; however, possibility of other relatively rare tumors of meningeal origin must not be ignored. Intracranial soft tissue sarcomas mostly arise from meninges thus require a good understanding of clinical presentation as well as acquaintance with morphological features on radiological imaging to differentiate from other tumors. These can be treated with excision and radiotherapy along with sequential follow-ups to look for recurrence. Tissue sampling is mandatory followed by complete staging scan in case of sarcomas to rule out possible primary or secondary disease