Detarium microcarpium Bread Meal: It’s Physiological Effects on the Postprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels of Healthy Non Diabetics Subjects

This work studied the effect of Detarium bread meal on the postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels of healthy participants. The subjects of the study were ten healthy non diabetic male subjects who were fed two meals, an experimental bread meal containing detarium flour and a control bread meal made from wheat flour only. The test meals consisted of two small bread rolls, 38g of apricot jam (Robinson’s) and water to make a total meal weight of 400g. The available carbohydrate portion of the meal was 75g. The bread rolls contain 50g carbohydrate mostly in the form of starch. The jam provided 25g of available carbohydrate in the form of sucrose. The experimental breads rolls provided 5g of s-NSP as calculated from the nutrient analysis plus s-NSP from the brown flour. The subjects visited the metabolic kitchen twice a week after an overnight fast. All the subjects ate the two types of meals detarium and control bread meal in random order. The subjects were weighed and their heights were taken. A three days food record was kept to ensure adequate carbohydrate intake. Fasting blood samples were taken. Postprandial blood samples were taken from the subjects at 30, 60, 120, and 150 minutes from the commencement of the meal. The blood samples were analyzed for glucose and insulin levels. Data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA. The results of the incremental plasma glucose level showed a significant bread meal effect (Wilks’ Lambda 11.1 df 6 and 18; p=0.0049) and a significant time effect at (p=0.0129). The result showed a significant difference between the effect of the detarium bread compared to the control bread meal at (p=0.0008). The result also showed there was a significant difference for Detarium bread meal at 90, 120 and 150 minutes when compared to the control bread meal. ANOVA also showed a significant meal effect on the incremental insulin levels (Wilks’ Lambda 16.0; df 2, 18; p=0.0016) and a significant time effect (p=0.0230). There was a significant difference on the plasma insulin levels between the control and the Detarium bread meals (p=0.0022). Detarium bread showed a significant difference on the plasma insulin levels at 30, 60 and 150 minutes.Keyword: Detarium, Bread meal, Plasma glucose, Plasma insulin, Healthy subject

Comparative Study Of Breakfast Intake Among School Children In Urban And Rural Areas Of Nsukka

A comparative study of the breakfast intake of school children between the ages of 10-12yeras in Nsukka urban and rural areas was investigated. Sixty urban and thirty rural school children were randomly selected from three primary schools. Data was collected using a structured; pre tested and validated questionnaire which was analysed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) and descriptive statistics (frequency distribution and percentages). Chi-square analysis was also used to compare the breakfast intake of these school children in the urban and rural areas. The result of the study showed a higher breakfast consumption of children in the rural than the urban areas though the result was not statistically significant. The percentage distribution showed that 90% of the rural children took breakfast compared to the 78.3% of the urban school children while 10% and 21.7% of the rural and urban children respectively did not consume breakfast. The factors that contributed to the rural children not taking breakfast include unavailability of food, and not being hungry. In the urban area the factors that affect breakfast intake include lack of time, not being hungry and unavailability of food. However, there was a significant difference (

Nutrient Composition Of Cereal Based Oral Rehydration Solutions For Management Of Diarrhoea In Infants

This study evaluated the nutrient composition of two cereal, millet and sorghum, based oral rehydration solutions. The test solutions were made from 50g of millet and sorghum each. The nutrient composition of the solution was determined using proximate analysis. The result showed that the mothers were aware of the salt sugar oral rehydration solution. However 57.7% did not know the proportion of the sugar and salt used in the preparation. These mothers had very little knowledge of any other substitute used in diarrhoea treatment. Most of the respondents (753%) consumed millet or sorghum. Sixty five percent gave millet or sorghum to their children as either a drink or porridge. The result of the sensory evaluation showed that the sorghum oral rehydration solution was more acceptable than the millet solution. The proximate analysis showed that the millet oral rehydration solution provided 170.2kcal of energy and 8.76% protein per litre, 0.8mg potassium per 100gand22mgofsodum per 100g. The sorghum oral rehydration soluton provided170.2kcal of energy and 8.76% protein per ltre, sodum 32mg/100g and potassium 1.4mg/100g.Keywords: Cereal, Oral rehydration solution, Nutrient content, Acceptabilit

Microbiological evaluation and shelf life of seed flour mixes used for infant feeding in rural northern Nigeria

This study investigates microbial load and shelf life of locally processed cereal-legume-oil seed flour mixes used for infant feeding in rural northern Nigeria. Free fatty acid (FFA), water activity (aw), pH, total viable count (TVC) and presence of yeast, coliform bacteria and mold were the parameters determined. Hungry rice or Digitaria exilis, benne seed or Sesamum indicum and soybean or Glycine max seeds flours were produced using traditional processing methods, including washing, boiling, fermenting and roasting. The test samples were milled into flour that could pass through a 70 mm mesh sieve and blended on protein basis at 70:30 cereal-legume/oilseed ratios to produce D70S30, D70G30, D70S15G15, D70S20G10 and D70S10G20 and stored at 30 to 32°C for 60 days. The parameters were determined at day 0 and intervals of 14, 28, 42 and 60 days. At the end of the storage period, all the parameters increased. FFA increased from 0.15 - 0.16% to 0.47 - 0.58%; aw from 0.46 - 0.48 to 0.72 - 0.80; pH from 3.9 to 4.7 - 4.9 and TVC from <1.0x102 to 2.2x103 to 3.6×104cfu/g for 0 and 60 days, respectively. The differences between the values of the parameters of the formulations were significant (p<0.05) especially from day 14. Yeast and coliform were not detected in all the samples but mold was detected from days 14 to 60. The formulation D70S30 had best shelf life; however, the samples should be consumed within 14 days of production.Key words: Seed flour, multi-mixes, children, microbial load, shelf life

The Physiological Effect of Detarium Bread Meal on the Postprandial Profile of Noninsulin Dependent Diabetic Mellitus (NIDDM) Subjects

Objective: This study elicited the effect of Detarium bread meal on the post prandial plasma glucose and insulin levels of non insulin dependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM) subjects. Subject and Method: This is a clinical study that involved twelve African and Afro-Caribbean men with NIDDM. These men were screened and recruited from the Diabetic Day Centre, St. Thomas' Hospital London. They were fed two meals randomly, an experimental bread meal containing Detarium flour and a control bread roll made from wheat flour only. The experimental bread rolls provided 5g of soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (s-NSP). Post-prandial blood glucose and insulin levels were taken at 30minutes interval for 2½ hours. Incremental levels were calculated relative to the fasting values. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data and the level of significance was accepted at

The effect of cissus rotundifolia consumed as a bread meal on plasma glucose and insulin levels of healthy non diabetic subjects

This study investigated the effect of cissus bread meal on the postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels of healthy non diabetic subjects. Ten healthy non diabetic male subjects participated in the study and were fed two meals, an experimental bread meal containing cissus flour and a control bread meal made form wheat flour only. The test meals consisted of two small bread rolls, 38g of apricot jam (Robinson’s) and sufficient water to make a total meal weight of 400g. The available carbohydrate portion of the meal was 75g. The bread rolls contain 50g CHO mostly in the form of starch. The jam provided 25g of available carbohydrate in the form of sucrose. The experimental breads rolls provided 5g of s-NSP as calculated from the nutrient analysis plus s-NSP from the brown flour. The subjects came fasting to the metabolic twice a week and were fed one type of the bread meal. Postprandial blood samples were taken from the subjects at 30, 60, 120 and 150 minutes from the commencement of the meal. The blood samples were analyzed for glucose and insulin levels. Data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA. The results of the incremental plasma glucose level showed a significant bread meal effect (Wilk ’lambda 11.1 df 6 and 18; p = 0.0049) and a significant time effect at (p = 0.0129). The result showed that the cissus bread meal had a significant decrease on plasma glucose levels of subjects at 150 minutes compared to the control bread. Cissus bread meal did not show any significant difference on the incremental insulin levels of the subjects when compared to the control bread meal

Prevalence of obesity among undergraduate students, living in halls of residence, University of Nigeria, Nsukka campus, Enugu state

A study of the prevalence of obesity among undergraduate students was conducted at University ofNigeria Nsukka campus, Enugu, State, in the South Eastern partof Nigeria. A tota of 620 male andfemale students were randomly selected for the study. A structured and validated questionnaire and anthropometry were used for data collection. The study elicited information on the sex distribution of the subjects who were obese, their marital status, dietary pattern, activity pattern and their health status. Information obtained was analyzed using frequency distribution, percentages, means and cross tabulation. The result revealed that 21% of the participants were obese, (8.1% are males and 13.1% are females). Most of the participants who were obese were unmarried, a total of 934% of the of the study population. The result of the eating pattern showedthat 406% of the subjects purchased their foods from eating houses within the campus, 466% cooked their meals with foods brought fom their homes; 28.2% and 26.7% consumed fruits and vegetables daily respectively. Food choice was based on taste of the food, cultural demands and easy to prepare foods. Information on the activity level showed that 85.5% of the obese subjects occasionally engaged in physical activity. Assessment of the heath status indicate that 61% had cardiovascular disease; 23% were diabetics, 3.8% had gall bladder disease and 51% had other illness like ulcer, irregular menstruation, fever and stomach ach.Keywords: Obesity, Prevalence, University undergraduate student

The effect of milk formula advertisement on breast feeding and other infant feeding practice in Lagos, Nigeria

This study investigated the level of impact milk formula advertisements had on mothers’ choice of infant feeding in Lagos State, Nigeria. A total of 225 mothers with children 0-2years were randomly selected from five hospitals in Lagos Island local government area of Lagos State. Validatedquestionnaires were used to obtain information from the mothers on their age, occupation, infant feeding pattern and type of infant formula advertisement seen. Data collected were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentages and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result of the study showed that 92% of the mothers were within the reproductive years (20-40years). Fifteen percent of the mothers were housewives and 84.9% had some form of occupation. The result also revealed that70% of the mothers breast fed only, 1.8% formula fed their babies and 27% practiced mixed feeding. The percentage of the mothers who saw or heard advertisement often from television, magazines,posters, radio and bill board were 31.6%, 24.9%, 18.2%, 3.6% and 3.1%, respectively, 82.7% of the mothers had seen or heard of some form of infant formula advertisement. The most commonly advertised infant formula was NAN (51.1%). The most common type of advertisement seen was television advert (31%); 18.7% of the mothers were influenced by infant formula advert while 64% were not. The result showed that there was a significant effect on the infant feeding practices before and after infant formula advertisement was seen at (f=3.387; 0.003) and (f=4.025; 0.001), respectively. The study concluded that there was a high percentage of mothers who breast fed their infants however analyses of the data before and after advert between the groups and within the groups of women showed that infant formula advertisement had a significant effect on mothers’ choice of infant feeding