Studies of Higher Twist and Higher Order Effects in NLO and NNLO QCD Analysis of Lepton-Nucleon Scattering Data on F_2 and R =sigma_L/sigma_T

We report on the extraction of the higher twist contributions to F_2 and R = sigma_L/sigma_T from the global NLO and NNLO QCD fits to lepton nucleon scattering data over a wide range of Q^2. The NLO fits require both target mass and higher twist contributions at low Q^2. However, in the NNLO analysis, the data are described by the NNLO QCD predictions (with target mass corrections) without the need for any significant contributions from higher twist effects. An estimate of the difference between NLO and NNLO parton distribution functions is obtained.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys.

Modeling Neutrino and Electron Scattering Cross Sections in the Few GeV Region with Effective LOPDFsLO PDFs

We use new scaling variables $x_w$ and $\xi_w$, and add low $Q^2$ modifications to GRV94 and GRV98 leading order parton distribution functions such that they can be used to model electron, muon and neutrino inelastic scattering cross sections (and also photoproduction) at both very low and high energie.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, Invited talk given by Arie Bodek at the X Mexican School of Particles and Fields, Playa del Carmen, Mexico, 200

The role of triplet excitons in enhancing polymer solar cell efficiency: a photo-induced absorption study

Inclusion of heavy metal atoms in a polymer backbone allows transitions between the singlet and triplet manifolds. Interfacial dissociation of triplet excitons constitutes a viable mechanism for enhancing photovoltaic (PV) efficiencies in polymer heterojunction-based solar cells. The PV efficiency from polymer solar cells utilizing a ladder-type poly (para-phenylene) polymer (PhLPPP) with trace quantity of Pd atoms and a fullerene derivative (PCBM) is much higher than its counterpart (MeLPPP) with no Pd atom. Evidence is presented for the formation of a weak ground-state charge-transfer complex (CTC) in the blended films of the polymer and PCBM, using photo-induced absorption (PIA) spectroscopy. The CTC state in MeLPPP:PCBM has a singlet character to it, resulting in a radiative recombination. In contrast, the CTC states in PhLPPP:PCBM are more localized with a triplet character. An absorption peak at 1.65 eV is observed in PhLPPP:PCBM blend in the PIA, which may be converted to weakly-bound polaron-pairs, contributing to the enhancement of PV efficiency.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figure

Extracting an arbitrary relative phase from a multiqubit two-component entangled state

We show that an arbitrary relative phase can be extracted from a multiqubit two-component (MTC) entangled state by local Hadamard transformations and measurements along a single basis only. In addition, how to distinguish a MTC entangled state with an arbitrary entanglement degree and relative phase from a class of multiqubit mixed states is discussed.Comment: 4 pages, REVTEX, accepted by Physical Review

A multiscale Molecular Dynamics approach to Contact Mechanics

The friction and adhesion between elastic bodies are strongly influenced by the roughness of the surfaces in contact. Here we develop a multiscale molecular dynamics approach to contact mechanics, which can be used also when the surfaces have roughness on many different length-scales, e.g., for self affine fractal surfaces. As an illustration we consider the contact between randomly rough surfaces, and show that the contact area varies linearly with the load for small load. We also analyze the contact morphology and the pressure distribution at different magnification, both with and without adhesion. The calculations are compared with analytical contact mechanics models based on continuum mechanics.Comment: Format Revtex4, two columns, 13 pages, 19 pictures. Submitted for publication in the European Physical Journal E. Third revision with minimal changes: Corrected a few mistypin