The historical origins of corruption in the developing world: a comparative analysis of East Asia

A new approach has emerged in the literature on corruption in the developing world that breaks with the assumption that corruption is driven by individualistic self-interest and, instead, conceptualizes corruption as an informal system of norms and practices. While this emerging neo-institutionalist approach has done much to further our understanding of corruption in the developing world, one key question has received relatively little attention: how do we explain differences in the institutionalization of corruption between developing countries? The paper here addresses this question through a systematic comparison of seven developing and newly industrialized countries in East Asia. The argument that emerges through this analysis is that historical sequencing mattered: countries in which the "political marketplace" had gone through a process of concentration before universal suffrage was introduced are now marked by less harmful types of corruption than countries where mass voting rights where rolled out in a context of fragmented political marketplaces. The paper concludes by demonstrating that this argument can be generalized to the developing world as a whole

Learning to Make Sense: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Sensory Education and Embodied Enculturation

In this introductory essay we examine through a ‘temporally inflected lens’ some of the complex entanglements of learning, senses, and sense making; body-sensory experience and practice; and culture and society. We thereby aim to bring into dialogue inter-/multisensorial approaches to education as a project and praxis and processes of ‘enculturation’, which have always, in one way or the other, involved ‘embodied’ learning (and imaginaries thereof), rather than mere ‘mental processing’. We first situate the ‘turn’ to the senses, across a range of disciplinary fields, brought on by a growing interest in ‘modes of meaning-making’, including the visual, aural, audio-visual, material, bodily, and spatial. Secondly, we investigate the explanatory potential of enculturation and embodiment as seemingly entangled notions. From this, we derive the concept of ‘embodied enculturation’ for the study of situated, historical entanglements of sensory learning and education. We link this proposed research paradigm to incisive scholarship on ‘cultural learning’ through sensorial lenses, after which we tease out six key questions or concerns emerging from a review of relevant, recent research. These key concerns help to contextualize state-of-the-art ‘sensuous education scholarship’ introduced in the final section of the article and elaborated further in the ensuing contributions to this special issue

Efficient Silicon Device Simulation with the Local Iterative Monte Carlo Method

The Local Iterative Monte Carlo technique (LIMO) is used for an effective simulation of hot electron distributions in silicon MOSFETs. This new Monte Carlo approach yields an efficient use of the computational resources due to a different iteration scheme. In addition the necessary computation time can be further reduced by a reuse of the computational expensive MC step simulation results in the iteration process. The later possibility is investigated in detail in this work. Results for short channel MOSFETs demonstrates that correct two-dimensional hot electron distributions can be calculated by LIMO within I hour on a standard work station

Influence of Electron-Electron Interaction on Electron Distributions in Short Si-MOSFETs Analysed Using the Local Iterative Monte Carlo Technique

The effects of electron–electron interaction on the electron distribution in n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are studied using the Local Iterative Monte Carlo (LIMO) technique. This work demonstrates that electron–electron scattering can be efficiently treated within this technique. The simulation results of a 90 nm Si-MOSFET are presented. We observe an increase of the high energy tail of the electron distribution at the transition from channel to drain