6,514 research outputs found
Metazoans evolved by taking domains from soluble proteins to expand intercellular communication network.
A central question in animal evolution is how multicellular animals evolved from unicellular ancestors. We hypothesize that membrane proteins must be key players in the development of multicellularity because they are well positioned to form the cell-cell contacts and to provide the intercellular communication required for the creation of complex organisms. Here we find that a major mechanism for the necessary increase in membrane protein complexity in the transition from non-metazoan to metazoan life was the new incorporation of domains from soluble proteins. The membrane proteins that have incorporated soluble domains in metazoans are enriched in many of the functions unique to multicellular organisms such as cell-cell adhesion, signaling, immune defense and developmental processes. They also show enhanced protein-protein interaction (PPI) network complexity and centrality, suggesting an important role in the cellular diversification found in complex organisms. Our results expose an evolutionary mechanism that contributed to the development of higher life forms
Heavy Quarkonium Production at LHC through Boson Decays
The production of the heavy -quarkonium, -quarkonium
and -quarkonium states (-quarkonium for short), via
the semi-inclusive decays, has been systematically studied within the
framework of the non-relativistic QCD. In addition to the two color-singlet
-wave states, we also discuss the production of the four color-singlet
-wave states and (with ) together with the two color-octet components
and . Improved
trace technology is adopted to derive the simplified analytic expressions at
the amplitude level, which shall be useful for dealing with the following
cascade decay channels. At the LHC with the luminosity and the center-of-mass energy TeV, sizable
heavy-quarkonium events can be produced through the boson decays, i.e.
, and
-wave charmonium events per year can be obtained; and
, and -wave
-quarkonium events per year can be obtained. Main theoretical
uncertainties have also been discussed. By adding the uncertainties caused by
the quark masses in quadrature, we obtain KeV, KeV, KeV and eV.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures. References updated. To be published in
Phys.Rev. D. To match the published versio
Rampant exchange of the structure and function of extramembrane domains between membrane and water soluble proteins.
Of the membrane proteins of known structure, we found that a remarkable 67% of the water soluble domains are structurally similar to water soluble proteins of known structure. Moreover, 41% of known water soluble protein structures share a domain with an already known membrane protein structure. We also found that functional residues are frequently conserved between extramembrane domains of membrane and soluble proteins that share structural similarity. These results suggest membrane and soluble proteins readily exchange domains and their attendant functionalities. The exchanges between membrane and soluble proteins are particularly frequent in eukaryotes, indicating that this is an important mechanism for increasing functional complexity. The high level of structural overlap between the two classes of proteins provides an opportunity to employ the extensive information on soluble proteins to illuminate membrane protein structure and function, for which much less is known. To this end, we employed structure guided sequence alignment to elucidate the functions of membrane proteins in the human genome. Our results bridge the gap of fold space between membrane and water soluble proteins and provide a resource for the prediction of membrane protein function. A database of predicted structural and functional relationships for proteins in the human genome is provided at sbi.postech.ac.kr/emdmp
Hydrothermal Ethanol Flames in Co-Flow Jets
Results on the autoignition and stabilization of ethanol hydrothermal flames in a Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) reactor operating at constant pressure are reported. The flames are observed as luminous reaction zones occurring in supercritical water; i.e., water at conditions above its critical point (approximately 22 MPa and 374 C). A co-flow injector is used to inject fuel (inner flow), comprising an aqueous solution ranging from 20%-v to 50%-v ethanol, and air (annular flow) into a reactor filled with supercritical water at approximately 24.3 MPa and 425 C. Results show hydrothermal flames are autoignited and form diffusion flames which exhibit laminar and/or turbulent features depending upon flow conditions. Two orthogonal camera views are used; one providing a backlit shadowgraphic image of the co-flow jet and the other providing color images of the flame. In addition, spectroscopic measurements of flame emissions in the UV and visible spectrum are discussed
How to Measure the Quantum State of Collective Atomic Spin Excitation
The spin state of an atomic ensemble can be viewed as two bosonic modes,
i.e., a quantum signal mode and a -numbered ``local oscillator'' mode when
large numbers of spin-1/2 atoms are spin-polarized along a certain axis and
collectively manipulated within the vicinity of the axis. We present a concrete
procedure which determines the spin-excitation-number distribution, i.e., the
diagonal elements of the density matrix in the Dicke basis for the collective
spin state. By seeing the collective spin state as a statistical mixture of the
inherently-entangled Dicke states, the physical picture of its multi-particle
entanglement is made clear.Comment: 6 pages, to appear in Phys. Rev.
(ヘルメットによる)髪の乱れを防止するヘルメットの開発
申請代表者: 工学部 3 年 Kim Jun U共同研究者: 工学部 3 年 山崎 賢 || 工学部 2 年 但野 由梨子アドバイザー教員: 工学研究科 生越 専介採択番号: 工-3
Dynamical control of two-level system's decay and long time freezing
We investigate with exact numerical calculation coherent control of a
two-level quantum system's decay by subjecting the two-level system to many
periodic ideal phase modulation pulses. For three spectrum intensities
(Gaussian, Lorentzian, and exponential), we find both suppression and
acceleration of the decay of the two-level system, depending on difference
between the spectrum peak position and the eigen frequency of the two-level
system. Most interestingly, the decay of the two-level system freezes after
many control pulses if the pulse delay is short. The decay freezing value is
half of the decay in the first pulse delay.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, published in Phys. Rev.
Edge states of zigzag bilayer graphite nanoribbons
Electronic structures of the zigzag bilayer graphite nanoribbons(Z-BGNR) with
various ribbon width are studied within the tight binding approximation.
Neglecting the inter-layer hopping amplitude , which is an order of
magnitude smaller than the other inter-layer hopping parameters and
, there exist two fixed Fermi points independent of the
ribbon width with the peculiar energy dispersion near as \ve (k) \sim
\pm (k-k^*)^N. By investigating the edge states of the Z-BGNR, we notice that
the trigonal warping of the bilayer graphene sheets are reflected on in the
edge state structure. With the inclusion of , the above two Fermi
points are not fixed, but drift toward the vicinity of the Dirac point with the
increase of the width as shown by the finite scaling method and the
peculiar dispersions change to the parabolic ones. The edge magnetism of the
Z-BGNR is also examined by solving the half-filled Hubbard Hamiltonian for the
ribbon using the Hartree-Fock approximation. We have shown that within the same
side of the edges, the edge spins are aligned ferromagnetically for the
experimentally relevant set of parameters.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures; Corrections are added concerning the edge
magnetis
- …