Electrochemical Determination of Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Specific Antibodies

The serologic diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the evaluation of vaccination effectiveness are identified by the presence of antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we present the electrochemical-based biosensing technique for the detection of antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (rSpike) were immobilised on the surface of a gold electrode modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). This modified electrode was used as a sensitive element for the detection of polyclonal mouse antibodies against the rSpike (anti-rSpike). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to observe the formation of immunocomplexes while cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used for additional analysis of the surface modifications. It was revealed that the impedimetric method and the elaborate experimental conditions are appropriate for the further development of electrochemical biosensors for the serological diagnosis of COVID-19 and/or the confirmation of successful vaccination against SARS-CoV-2

Biosensors for the Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infection

Monitoring and tracking infection is required in order to reduce the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To achieve this goal, the development and deployment of quick, accurate, and sensitive diagnostic methods are necessary. The determination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is performed by biosensing devices, which vary according to detection methods and the biomarkers which are inducing/providing an analytical signal. RNA hybridisation, antigen-antibody affinity interaction, and a variety of other biological reactions are commonly used to generate analytical signals that can be precisely detected using electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, optical, and other methodologies and transducers. Electrochemical biosensors, in particular, correspond to the current trend of bioanalytical process acceleration and simplification. Immunosensors are based on the determination of antigen-antibody interaction, which on some occasions can be determined in a label-free mode with sufficient sensitivity

Polypyrrole: a reactive and functional conductive polymer for the selective electrochemical detection of heavy metals in water

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