Development, implementation, and analysis of adverse drug reaction monitoring system in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital in Narketpally, Telangana

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are the fourth leading cause of mortality and a great concern in therapeutics. Pharmacovigilance is more important in India as the health care system is inadequate with poor doctor-patient ratio, high incidence of self-medication, and presence of counterfeit drugs. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the pattern of ADR occurring in a rural tertiary care hospital with a newly established pharmacovigilance center and to identify the most frequent ADRs, common drugs implicated and severity of reactions.Methods: A non-interventional observational prospective study was conducted over a year. The red boxes for dropping the filled yellow ADR forms were installed in all the wards and outpatient departments. Additional information and missing data were obtained personally by either consulting the physician or through case sheets.Results: The most common class of drugs implicated in the causation of ADRs was antimicrobials (52%), followed by drugs acting on the central nervous system. The most commonly observed ADRs were dermatological Type B reactions. The majority of the reactions belonged to possible or probable category, but no reaction was categorized as definite.Conclusion: Dermatological reactions are the most common ADR occurring in our hospital and antimicrobials are the most common causative drugs. The reporting rate was adequate, and there is still a need for increasing the awareness and knowledge about ADR reporting system and pharmacovigilance for promoting the safe use of drugs

Dynamical behavior of coumarin compounds in alcohol solvents

It is observed that, the rotational motion of probe molecule in methanol solvent increases as the temperature increase. We also investigated that, C30 rotates faster than C7 in the same solvent. It is all due to the friction between solute and solvent, diffusion and hydrogen bonding establish between alcoholic group and coumarin molecule. We have also determined the excited state and ground state dipole moments in alcoholic series solvents by using Bakhshiev, Chamma-viallet equations and Quantum mechanical treatment. From the results, it is found that, excited state dipole moment is greater than the ground state dipole moment, which indicates that excited state is more polar than the ground state

Highly Sensitive Cadmium Concentration Sensor Using Long Period Grating

In this paper we have proposed a simple and effective Long Period Grating chemical sensor for detecting the traces of Cadmium (Cd++) in drinking water at ppm level. Long Period gratings (LPG) were fabricated by point-by-point technique with CO2 laser. We have characterized the LPG concentration sensor sensitivity for different solutions of Cd concentrations varying from 0.01 ppm to 0.04 ppm by injecting white Light source and observed transmitted spectra using Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA). Proper reagents have been used in the solutions for detection of the Cd species. The overall shift in wavelength is 10 nm when surrounding medium gradually changed from water to 0.04 ppm of cadmium concentrations. A comparative study has been done using sophisticated spectroscopic atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) instruments. The spectral sensitivity enhancement was done by modifying grating surface with gold nanoparticles

Study of pulse dispersion and spot-sizes in single and multimode nearly graded optical fibers

314-318<span style="font-size: 15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">Effect of small departures in the graded index profiles of optical fibers on the pulse-widths, field distributions and spotsizes of LP01 mode has been examined. Expressions for σ-intermodal and - intramodal pulse-widths are obtained for multimode graded fibers having all at continuation in their index profiles. The field distribution of LP01 mode in single mode nearly parabolic fiber is determined by solving the wave equation and near field rms and Petermann – 2 spot-sizes are obtained. The calculated σ -values are found to consistently increase both with the increase in distortion in a given α-profile <span style="font-size: 15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">and profile dispersion in index profiles with <span style="font-size:13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:6.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:="" hiddenhorzocr"="">α≥<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">3. For a given <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">v-number, the distortion effect leads to a decrease-in either spot-size: also the rms spot- size is larger in magnitude than Petermann- 2 spot-size for a given distortion. </span

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor for Detection of Nitrate Concentration in Water

The concentrations of chemical species in drinking water are of great interest. We demonstrated etched fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as a concentration sensor for nitrate by analyzing the Bragg wavelength shift with concentration of chemical solution. The FBG is fabricated by phase mask technique on single mode Ge-B co-doped photosensitive fiber. Sensitivity of FBGs to the surrounding solution concentration can be enhanced by reducing diameter of the cladding with 40 % HF solution. The maximum sensitivity achieved is 1.322 ´ 10-3 nm/ppm. The overall shift of Bragg wavelength is of the order of 6.611 ´ 10-2 nm for 10 to 50 ppm concentration

Serum prolactin levels in women using copper IUDs

Serum prolactin values in 40 women using various types of copper devices for different durations of use are presented. The values indicate that the serum prolactin level is higher in women using copper intrauterine devices when compared to control group (statistically significant, P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.002 in lactating and non-lactating groups). The duration of use of IUD or the history of previous use of hormonal contraceptives did not affect the serum prolactin levels. A prospective study correlating the use of IUD and prolactin levels is next proposed