17 research outputs found
Off-shell N=(4,4) supersymmetry for new (2,2) vector multiplets
We discuss the conditions for extra supersymmetry of the N=(2,2)
supersymmetric vector multiplets described in arXiv:0705.3201 [hep-th] and in
arXiv:0808.1535 [hep-th]. We find (4,4) supersymmetry for the semichiral vector
multiplet but not for the Large Vector Multiplet.Comment: 15 page
Sigma models with off-shell N=(4,4) supersymmetry and noncommuting complex structures
We describe the conditions for extra supersymmetry in N=(2,2) supersymmetric
nonlinear sigma models written in terms of semichiral superfields. We find that
some of these models have additional off-shell supersymmetry. The (4,4)
supersymmetry introduces geometrical structures on the target-space which are
conveniently described in terms of Yano f-structures and Magri-Morosi
concomitants. On-shell, we relate the new structures to the known
bi-hypercomplex structures.Comment: 20 pages; v2: significant corrections, clarifications, and
reorganization; v3: discussion of supersymmetry vs twisted supersymmetry
added, relevant signs corrected
The clumped-isotope geochemistry of exhumed marbles from Naxos, Greece
Exhumation and accompanying retrograde metamorphism alter the compositions and textures of metamorphic rocks through deformation, mineralâmineral reactions, waterârock reactions, and diffusion-controlled intra- and inter-mineral atomic mobility. Here, we demonstrate that these processes are recorded in the clumped- and single-isotope (ÎŽ^(13)C and ÎŽ^(18)O) compositions of marbles, which can be used to constrain retrograde metamorphic histories.
We collected 27 calcite and dolomite marbles along a transect from the rim to the center of the metamorphic core-complex of Naxos (Greece), and analyzed their carbonate single- and clumped-isotope compositions. The majority of Î_(47) values of whole-rock samples are consistent with exhumation- controlled cooling of the metamorphic complex. However, the data also reveal that waterârock interaction, deformation driven recrystallization and thermal shock associated with hydrothermal alteration may considerably impact the overall distribution of Î_(47) values.
We analyzed specific carbonate fabrics influenced by deformation and fluidârock reaction to study how these processes register in the carbonate clumped-isotope system. Î_(47) values of domains drilled from a calcite marble show a bimodal distribution. Low Î_(47_ values correspond to an apparent temperature of 260â°C and are common in static fabrics; high Î_(47) values correspond to an apparent temperature of 200â°C and are common in dynamically recrystallized fabrics. We suggest that the low Î_(47) values reflect diffusion-controlled isotopic reordering during cooling, whereas high Î_(47) values reflect isotopic reordering driven by dynamic recrystallization. We further studied the mechanism by which dynamic recrystallization may alter Î_(47) values by controlled heating experiments. Results show no significant difference between laboratory reactions rates in the static and dynamic fabrics, consistent with a mineral-extrinsic mechanism, in which slip along crystal planes was associated with atomic-scale isotopic reordering in the calcite lattice. An intrinsic mechanism (enhanced isotopic reordering rate in deformed minerals) is contraindicated by these experiments. We suggest that Î_(47) values of dynamically recrystallized fabrics that form below the diffusion-controlled blocking-temperature for calcite constrain the temperature of deformation.
We find that Î_(47)-based temperatures of static fabrics from Naxos marbles are âŒ60â80â°C higher than commonly observed in slowly cooled metamorphic rocks, and would suggest cooling rates of âŒ10^5°C Myr^(â1). A similar thermal history is inferred for dolomite marbles from the core vicinity, which preserve apparent temperatures up to 200â°C higher than a typical blocking temperature (âŒ300â°C). This finding could be explained by a hydrothermal event driving a brief thermal pulse and locally resetting Î_(47) values. Rapid cooling of the core-complex region is consistent with a compilation of published cooling ages and a new apatite UâTh/He age, associating the thermal event with the emplacement of a granodiorite pluton at âŒ12 Ma
T-duality and Generalized Kahler Geometry
We use newly discovered N = (2, 2) vector multiplets to clarify T-dualities
for generalized Kahler geometries. Following the usual procedure, we gauge
isometries of nonlinear sigma-models and introduce Lagrange multipliers that
constrain the field-strengths of the gauge fields to vanish. Integrating out
the Lagrange multipliers leads to the original action, whereas integrating out
the vector multiplets gives the dual action. The description is given both in N
= (2, 2) and N = (1, 1) superspace.Comment: 14 pages; published version: some conventions improved, minor
clarification
Sources, Timing, Environmental and Tectonic Implications of Epigenetic Mineralization Along the ArabianâAfrican Plate Boundary
Abstract The formation of divergent plate boundaries involves the opening of continental basins and uplift of plate margins accompanied by seawater ingression and the reorganization of surface and groundwater drainage systems. These processes drive waterârock reactions, resulting in the deposition of epigenetic minerals in the country rock adjacent to the plate boundary. Here, we study the isotopic geochemical record of epigenetic dolomite and ferricâoxide minerals that occur along tectonic lines in the Negev (southern Israel), which border the Cenozoic rift system that developed between the African and Arabian plates. The observed ranges of new and published O, C, Sr, Mo, Fe, and Pb isotope compositions indicate mixing between the country rock, seawater and deepâseated groundwater sourceâsolutions. We suggest that mineralization occurred as brines migrated from their marine source, mixed with groundwater in a deep siliciclastic aquifer environment, and subsequently upwelled along tectonic lines and reacted with the overlying carbonate rocks. Relative and UâPb dating of epigenetic minerals suggest that mineralization occurred at 31.4 ± 4.6 Ma in the central Negev sites and at 46 ± 12 Ma and again at 14.5 ± 2.3 Ma in the northeast Negev. The younger two ages overlap the timing of preâ Red Sea Rift doming of northeastern Africa and Arabia, driven by the Afar Plume, and lateralâmovement along the Dead Sea Transform (DST), respectively. We associate the youngest mineralization event with a timeâinterval in which the DST already hosted a marine lagoon, while the transform's western margin has remained a low relief landscape
Styles and rates of long-term denudation in carbonate terrains under a Mediterranean to hyper-arid climatic gradient
Carbonate minerals, unlike silicates, have the potential to dissolve almost completely and with high efficiency. Thus, in carbonate terrains denudation rate and style (the governing process of denudation, mechanical or chemical) should be more sensitive to climatic forcing. Using 36Cl measurements in 39 carbonate bedrock and sediment samples, we calculate long-term denudation rates across a sharp climatic gradient from Mediterranean to hyper-arid conditions. Our samples were collected along the Arugot watershed, which drains the eastern flank of the Judea Range (central Israel) to the Dead Sea and is characterized by a pronounced rain shadow. Denudation rates of flat-lying bedrock outcrops sampled along interfluves differ by an order of magnitude from âŒ20 mmâkaâ1 in the Mediterranean zone to 1â3 mmâkaâ1 in the hyper-arid zone. These rates are strongly correlated with precipitation, and thus reflect the importance of carbonate mineral dissolution in the overall denudation process. In contrast, denudation rates of steep bedrock surfaces depend on the hillslope gradient, but in the hyper-arid climate zone, indicating that mechanical processes dominate the overall hillslope denudation within this zone. The dominance of slope-dependent mechanical erosion in the hyper-arid zone is also reflected by an increase in spatially-average denudation rates from 17â19 mmâkaâ1 in the Mediterraneanâsemi-arid zones to 21â25 mmâkaâ1 in the hyper-arid zone. These higher rates are attributed to clast contribution from steep slopes under arid climate. This suggests an increased importance of mechanical processes to the overall denudation in the hyper-arid zone. We demonstrate that the transition between chemically-dominated denudation to mechanically-dominated denudation occurs between 100 and 200 mm of mean annual precipitation. Long-term denudation rates across the Judea Range indicate that between Mediterranean and hyper-arid climates, chemical weathering rates are limited by precipitation. Nevertheless, in more humid climates, ch