Artificial intelligence in healthcare: transforming the practice of medicine

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful and disruptive area of computer science, with the potential to fundamentally transform the practice of medicine and the delivery of healthcare. In this review article, we outline recent breakthroughs in the application of AI in healthcare, describe a roadmap to building effective, reliable and safe AI systems, and discuss the possible future direction of AI augmented healthcare systems

Model Pembelajaran Learning Cycle Kooperatif Tipe STAD untuk Meningkatkan KualitasProses dan Hasil Belajar

The researcher implemented the Student Centered Learning with the following objectives: (1) to improve the achievementand the quality of the learning process inthe course of Electrical Installation and Machinery through the Cooperative Learning cyclewith Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD); and (2) to describe the response of the students to the implemention. This study was conducted using the classroom action research approach in 2 cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results showed: (1) the Cooperative Learning cycle with STAD could improve the quality of the learning process, the students were not merely as the object but rather as the subject of the learning. The learning process comprised highly effective learning environment, interactive discussions, opinions sharing activities, motivation, cooperation and communication among the students. The improvement of the achievement was proved by the mean scores in the first and second cycle that were 69.05 and 76.25 respectively; and (2) the students' feedbacksresulted from the closed questionnaire were 37.5% strongly agree and 62.5% agree to the implementation while from the open questionnaire,the feedbacks were 92.5% positive and 7.5% of the students said it was a waste of time

Gambaran Faal Paru Pada Pasien Asma Yang Melakukan Senam Asma Dengan Yang Tidak Melakukan Senam Asma

Asthma is chronic inflammation disorder of respiratory tract that cause trial episode of symptoms like wheezing, breathlessness, feel heavy in chest, cough especially in the night or early morning that reversible with or without therapy. Spirometry is used in clinical examination to diagnose and evaluation patient with asthma. Asthma gymnastic is one of recommendation exercise therapy to help the process of rehabilitation in asthma patient. This study was cross sectional descriptive that used total sampling method which explained overview lung function of asthma patient that followed asthma gymnastic and not followed asthma gymnastic. In this study, total sampling was 62 patient which 31 asthma patient that followed asthma gymnastic and 31 not followed asthma gymnastic. The result showed asthma patient that followed asthma gymnastic were in the age group 41-50 years old consist of 12 patient (38,7%), most commonly happened in female consist of 24 patient (77,4%), most common not had comorbidities consist of 18 patient (58%), most common patient had family history of asthma consist of 19 patient (61,3%), the lung function was obstructive consist of 17 patient (54.9%), the level of asthma was intermittent consist of 12 patient (38.7%), assessment of asthma control was controlled consist of 14 patient (45.1%) the length of time following the most gymnastic was asthma ≥3 month 19 patient (61,3%). In asthma patient that was not followed asthma gymnastic were in the age group 41-50 years old consist of 13 patient (42%), most commonly happened in female consist of 27 patient (81,7%), most common had comorbidities consist of 18 patient (58%), most common patient not had family history of asthma consist of 16 patient (51,6%), the lung function was restrictive consist of 20 patient (64.5%), the level of asthma was severe persistent consist of 12 patient (38.7%) and assessment of asthma control was controlled consist of 18 patient (58.1%)

Unenhanced helical CT of ureterolithiasis: incidence of secondary urinary tract findings

Objective: To determine the incidence of secondary signs of obstruction in patients with ureteral stones on unenhanced helical CT scans.MATERIAL AND Methods: Three hundred consecutive patients with suspected renal colic referred by the emergency department for an unenhanced helical CT scan were evaluated. One hundred and thirty two patients with ureteric calculi were viewed prospectively for the secondary signs of obstruction, which include hydronephrosis, hydroureter, perinephric stranding, nephromegaly, periureteral edema and difference in attenuation between acutely obstructed kidney and unobstructed kidney.Results: In the evaluated 132 patients, calculi were present in the proximal, mid and distal ureter in 12, 18 and 112 patients respectively. Four patients had a contralateral ureteric calculus while none had more than one ureteric calculus on the same site. Concurrent renal parenchymal calculi were seen in 40 patients with ureteric stones, hydronephrosis in 69, hydroureter in 93 and perinephric strandings in 66 patients. Nephromegaly was seen in 15 and periureteral edema in 42 patients. In 87% patients with acute renal obstruction, the affected kidney was less dense than the unobstructed kidney. Only 5 of 132 patients had no associated findings.CONCLUSION: Unenhanced helical CT has rapidly become the imaging technique of choice in evaluating patients with acute ureteric colic. The secondary signs of obstruction provide supportive evidence of acute obstructive process

Radiologic feeding gastrostomy placement: experience in 23 patients

Objective: To evaluate the safety, efficacy and complications of percutaneous gastrostomy catheter placementunder flouro guidance for long-term enteral feeding.MATERIALS AND Methods: Between April 1998 to May 2002, 23 patients who had percutaneous gastrostomy catheter placement were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical indications for catheter placement included patients with neurologic disease, head and neck malignancy, and pulmonary disease patients. Placement of 12 - 14 Fr gastrostomy catheter was then accomplished with the Seldinger technique. The technical success, procedural complications were recorded.Results: Twenty seven procedures, including revisions, were performed. The success rate for catheter placement was 100%. Revision was necessary in 7 (30%) instances in 7 patients. There was one (3.8%) major and 4 (14.8%) minor complications.CONCLUSION: Fluoroscopically directed percutaneous placement of gastrostomy catheters is a safe and effective procedure

The role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in obstructive jaundice

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of MRCP in studying the sites and cause of obstructive jaundice in comparison with other imaging modalities at the Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, from January 1999 to May 2001.Methods: Forty nine consecutive patients included 19 men and 30 women, suspected of obstructive jaundice. Patients underwent ultrasound (n = 49), CT (n = 11), ERCP (n = 25) and biliary surgery (n = 17). Final diagnosis was established by surgical exploration, endoscopic sphincterectomy, cytology and clinical follow up.Results: Of the 49 patients 17 had choledocholithiasis. Twenty five patients had malignant strictures, out of which 11 had non-specific malignant strictures, 7 had pancreatic carcinoma, 3 had Klatskin tumors, 3 had periampullary carcinoma and 1 had gallbladder carcinoma. Six patients had benign strictures and 1 patient had choledochal cyst. Overall, MRCP was sensitive (88%) and specific (96.8%) in detecting choledocholithiasis. MRCP sensitivity and specificity in detecting benign main bile duct stricture was equal to 83.3% and 97.6% respectively, and 92% and 100% for malignant stricture.CONCLUSION: Our prospective study confirms that MRCP, a noninvasive and well tolerated imaging technique is of value in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice

The evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma with biphasic contrast enhanced helical CT scan

Objective: To evaluate the role of biphasic contrast-enhanced helical CT including Hepatic Arterial Phase (HAP) imaging with Portal Venous Phase (PVP) imaging, in the detection and characterization of hepatocellular carcinomas.Methods: The study included 40 patients (M = 26, F = 14) with histopathologically proven HCC. Age range was between 30-85 years (mean = 55) by following consecutive patients with cirrhosis in whom Hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed or suspected either by raised serum a (alpha)-fetoprotein level or Ultrasound.Results: Biphasic contrast-enhanced examination revealed a total of 85 lesions in these 40 patients, out of which 13 were unifocal, 12 showed a dominant mass with satellite lesions, 2 showed cluster of contiguous nodules and 13 were multifocal HCCs. Mean diameter was 3.1 cm, ranging from 0.8 to 14 cm. On HAP imaging 85% were detected. (hyperattenuating = 69, hypoattenuating = 3) while on PVP imaging detectibility was only 48% (hyperattenuating = 2, hypoattenuating = 39). Hence detectibility was significantly (p = 0.008) superior in HAP as compared to PVP imaging. In 7 patients (17%) tumor was visible only on HAP images. Venous invasion was present in 12 patients (30%) while arterio-portal shunting was seen in 5 patients (13%).CONCLUSION: Biphasic contrast enhanced helical CT is a useful method in detection and characterization of HCC

Prevalence of active HCV infection among the blood donors of Khyber Pakhtunkwa and FATA region of Pakistan and evaluation of the screening tests for anti-HCV

Hepatitis C is a fatal liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. In this study, blood donors, from various districts of the KPK province and the federally administered tribal area (FATA) of Pakistan were tested for anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA by ICT (Immuno-chromatographic test), ELISA and RT-PCR. Out of the 7148 blood donors, 224 (3.13%) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies by ICT, 135 (1.89%) by ELISA while 118 (1.65%) blood donors had active HCV infection as detected by RT-PCR. We suggest that ELISA should be used for anti-HCV screening in public sector hospitals and health care units

IGLOO : an integrated framework for sustainable return to work in workers with common mental health disorders

Current research on return to work (RTW) for employees with common mental disorders suffers from two limitations. First, research mostly focuses on the influence of resources during the absence period ignoring the resources which may facilitate sustainable RTW, i.e. employees continuing to work and thrive at work post-return. Second, research tends to view the work and non-work domains separately and fails to consider the interaction of resources at the individual, group, leader and organisational levels, once back at work. In the present position paper, we present an integrated framework and a preliminary definition of sustainable RTW. Based on current occupational health psychology theory and existing research on RTW, we develop ten propositions for the resources in and outside work, which may promote sustainable RTW. In addition to the individual, group, leader, and organisational levels, we also argue for the importance of the overarching context, i.e. the societal context and the culture and legislation that may promote sustainable RTW. Our framework raises new questions that need to be addressed to enhance our understanding of how key stakeholders can support employees with common mental health disorders staying and thriving at work