Single-cell-resolved dynamics of chromatin architecture delineate cell and regulatory states in zebrafish embryos

DNA accessibility of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) dictates transcriptional activity and drives cell differentiation during development. While many genes regulating embryonic development have been identified, the underlying CRE dynamics controlling their expression remain largely uncharacterized. To address this, we produced a multimodal resource and genomic regulatory map for the zebrafish community, which integrates single-cell combinatorial indexing assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (sci-ATAC-seq) with bulk histone PTMs and Hi-C data to achieve a genome-wide classification of the regulatory architecture determining transcriptional activity in the 24-h post-fertilization (hpf) embryo. We characterized the genome-wide chromatin architecture at bulk and single-cell resolution, applying sci-ATAC-seq on whole 24-hpf stage zebrafish embryos, generating accessibility profiles for ∼23,000 single nuclei. We developed a genome segmentation method, ScregSeg (single-cell regulatory landscape segmentation), for defining regulatory programs, and candidate CREs, specific to one or more cell types. We integrated the ScregSeg output with bulk measurements for histone post-translational modifications and 3D genome organization and identified new regulatory principles between chromatin modalities prevalent during zebrafish development. Sci-ATAC-seq profiling of npas4l/cloche mutant embryos identified novel cellular roles for this hematovascular transcriptional master regulator and suggests an intricate mechanism regulating its expression. Our work defines regulatory architecture and principles in the zebrafish embryo and establishes a resource of cell-type-specific genome-wide regulatory annotations and candidate CREs, providing a valuable open resource for genomics, developmental, molecular, and computational biology

Entwicklung und Anwendung eines differentiellen Absorptions-LIDAR-Systems zur Messung der troposphaerischen Ozonkonzentration

Diese Arbeit beschreibt den Aufbau und die Erprobung eines Ozon-Lidarsystems fuer die Messung des troposphaerischen Ozons in einem grossen Messbereich von ca. 150 m bis maximal 12 km Messhoehe, das nach dem Prinzip der differentiellen Absorption arbeitet (DIAL-Verfahren). Mit einer vertikalen Aufloesung von 100 m kann in einer Messzeit von 5 bis 10 Minuten erstmals mit annaehernd voller zeitlicher und vertikaler Aufloesung die Vertikalverteilung des troposphaerischen Ozons bestimmt werden. Zusaetzlich liefert die zur Berechnung der Ozonvertikalverteilung notwendige Messung der Aerosol-Rueckstreukoeffizienten eine Information ueber die vertikale Aerosolverteilung. (orig.)This work describes the configuration and trial of an ozone LIDAR system for measuring tropospheric ozone in a wide measuring range from ca. 150 m to maximally 12 km. The system works through the principle of differential absorption (DIAL method). Its vertical resolution of 100 m and measuring time of 5 to 10 min for the first time allow determination of vertical ozone distribution with more or less complete resolution. Furthermore, the measurement of the aerosol backscattering coefficient required for calculating vertical ozone distribution yields information on vertical aerosol distribution. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: H94B724 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

PASSE 2000 Schlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F02B224+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekVDI-Technologiezentrum Physikalische Technologien, Duesseldorf (Germany); Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Anxiety and depression in patients with vocal fold nodules, edema and polyps

Purpose To compare the prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety among patients with vocal fold (VF) nodules, polyps and edema. At the same time the aim was to analyse association between severity of distress and the level of vocal handicap as well as to identify other factors related to severity of depression and anxiety in these patients. Methods To all participants were given five questionnaires: (1) questionnaire on socio-demographic and some other characteristics of patient; (2) Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI); (3) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 1 (State Anxiety); (4) STAI 2 (Trait Anxiety); and (5) Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-10. Results A total of 205 patients were included in this study. Mild-to-severe depression, according to BDI was present in 79 (38.6%) patients. Mild-to-severe state anxiety and trait anxiety were present in 199 (97.1%) and 200 (97.6%) patients, respectively. Only 10 patients had VHI-10 score lt = 11. Multivariate analyses showed that there were no significant differences in the level of depression and anxiety between patients with VF nodules, polyps and edema. The VHI-10 score was significantly higher in patients with VF edema in comparison with VF nodule patients (p = 0.001), as well as in comparison with VF polyp patients (p = 0.001). Conclusion The present study identified a high prevalence of psychological and vocal distress among patients with vocal disorders. Severity of depression and anxiety did not differ between patients with VF nodules, polyps and edema, and it was not related to the level of vocal handicap