7,910 research outputs found
Real-time PCR quantitation of hepatitis B virus DNA using automated sample preparation and murine cytomegalovirus internal control
Quantitation of circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA is important for monitoring disease progression and for assessing the response to antiviral therapy. Several commercial and 'in house' assays for HBV DNA quantitation have been described but many of these have limitations of relatively low sensitivity and limited dynamic range. This study describes the development and evaluation of a FRET-based real-time PCR assay designed to overcome these limitations and to provide accurate quantitation of DNA from all eight genotypes of HBV (A-H). The assay employs a fully automated nucleic acid extraction system permitting high-sample throughput with minimal 'hands-on' time and incorporates a murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) internal control to prevent false negative results and under-reporting due to unrecognised problems with viral lysis, DNA purification or PCR amplification. Sensitivity, assessed by Probit analysis at the 95% detection level, was 24.4 IU/ml, associated with an extremely wide dynamic range (similar to 9 log(10)). Coefficients of variation were low for both intra-assay and inter-assay variability (CV%, 7-11%) and quantitative data correlated well (R-2 = 0.97) with the Digene hybrid capture assay. This assay provides an ideal system for therapeutic monitoring and for studying the relationship between HBV viral load and stage of disease. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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Influence of the water table on beach aggradation and degradation
Observations for many years of the fluctuation in the width and slope of beaches in southern California have demonstrated that the position of the water table under the beach surface has an important bearing on deposition and on erosion of the foreshore and backshore. During winter storms, in the vicinity of Santa Monica and north along the Malibu Coast, a very rapid destruction of the beaches sometimes results...
Hyperadrenocorticism in the Domestic Ferret
Domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) are becoming increasingly common in the United States. They are very popular as household pets and are also used in large numbers as research animals. With the increase in ferret numbers, there has been a corresponding increase in the number and frequency of diseases described. Neoplastic conditions are at the top of the list of problems occurring in ferrets found in the United States. An exceedingly common condition is adrenal disease as a result of adrenocortical hyperplasia, adenoma, or adenocarcinoma. These conditions present as the same clinical syndrome and anyone examining ferrets in a veterinary setting can expect to see many cases of adrenal disease
Coulomb correlation in presence of spin-orbit coupling: application to plutonium
Attempts to go beyond the local density approximation (LDA) of Density
Functional Theory (DFT) have been increasingly based on the incorporation of
more realistic Coulomb interactions. In their earliest implementations, methods
like LDA+, LDA + DMFT (Dynamical Mean Field Theory), and LDA+Gutzwiller used
a simple model interaction . In this article we generalize the solution of
the full Coulomb matrix involving to parameters, which is
usually presented in terms of an basis, into a basis of
the total angular momentum, where we also include spin-orbit coupling; this
type of theory is needed for a reliable description of -state elements like
plutonium, which we use as an example of our theory. Close attention will be
paid to spin-flip terms, which are important in multiplet theory but that have
been usually neglected in these kinds of studies. We find that, in a
density-density approximation, the basis results provide a very good
approximation to the full Coulomb matrix result, in contrast to the much less
accurate results for the more conventional basis
TRADUÇÃO: O IMPOSSÍVEL IMPRESCINDÍVEL
TRADUÇÃO: O IMPOSSÍVEL IMPRESCINDÍVE
The transformation of irreducible tensor operators under spherical functions
The irreducible tensor operators and their tensor products employing Racah
algebra are studied. Transformation procedure of the coordinate system
operators act on are introduced. The rotation matrices and their
parametrization by the spherical coordinates of vector in the fixed and rotated
coordinate systems are determined. A new way of calculation of the irreducible
coupled tensor product matrix elements is suggested. As an example, the
proposed technique is applied for the matrix element construction for two
electrons in a field of a fixed nucleus.Comment: To appear in Int. J. Theor. Phy
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Precompact noncompact reflexive abelian groups
We present a series of examples of precompact, noncompact, reflexive
topological Abelian groups. Some of them are pseudocompact or even countably
compact, but we show that there exist precompact non-pseudocompact reflexive
groups as well. It is also proved that every pseudocompact Abelian group is a
quotient of a reflexive pseudocompact group with respect to a closed reflexive
pseudocompact subgroup
Simulated ecology-driven sympatric speciation
We introduce a multi-locus genetically acquired phenotype, submitted to
mutations and with selective value, in an age-structured model for biological
aging. This phenotype describes a single-trait effect of the environment on an
individual, and we study the resulting distribution of this trait among the
population. In particular, our simulations show that the appearance of a double
phenotypic attractor in the ecology induces the emergence of a stable
polymorphism, as observed in the Galapagos finches. In the presence of this
polymorphism, the simulations generate short-term speciation, when mating
preferences are also allowed to suffer mutations and acquire selective value.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, uses package RevTe
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