Morphological parameters of the acromion

The purpose of this study was to record the basic morphometric values of the acromion. Forty-four pairs of dried scapulas were reviewed. Acromial shape was evaluated in relation to sex, symmetry and presence of subacromial enthesophytes and classified according to Bigliani with the following results: type I (flat): 26.1%, type II (curved): 55.6% and type III (hooked): 18.1%. There was a greater percentage of type III in men (56.2% vs. 43.7%) and type I in women (56.5% vs. 43.4%). Acromial morphology was symmetric in 29 acromia (65.9%). Enthesophytes were most common in type III (75%). A rough inferior surface of the acromion was most frequently found in type III (81.2%). Nine other scapular osteological parameters were also measured. Many differences were noted between male and female scapulae. The great variety of morphological features is assumed to be related to rotator cuff pathology and other shoulder impairments

Excavated type of rhomboid fossa of the clavicle: a radiological study

The excavated type of rhomboid fossa of the clavicle is a relatively neglected anatomical structure that can potentially cause diagnostic problems. Its unilateral occurrence may be confused by the physician as avascular necrosis, osteomyelitis, or even a tumour. We studied 80 routine chest radiographs and identified the clavicles with excavated type of rhomboid fossa. The sex, sidedness, and handedness were recorded. An excavated type of rhomboid fossa was present in 43 clavicles (26.88%), appearing more frequently in males than in females. In addition, the incidence of the excavated type of rhomboid fossa was greater on the right side than on the left. That type of fossa was also present more frequently on the right side in right-handed specimens and on the left side in left-handed specimens. The high incidence of the excavated type of rhomboid fossa on the dominant hand supports the mechanical theory of fossa formation. Radiologists and physicians should be aware of this fossa, as it may resemble a pathological condition

Left common carotid artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk: a case report

An abnormal origin of the left common carotid artery from the initial portion of the brachiocephalic trunk was found in the superior mediastinum in a 81-year-old Caucasian male cadaver during dissection practice. We report on the exact morphology of that variant that is appeared in an incidence of 0,2% in the literature. We discuss the relative literature and pay attention on the significance of such a variation for clinicians in its recognition and protection

Outcomes of cartilage repair techniques for chondral injury in the hip-a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to assess the options of treatment and their related outcomes for chondral injuries in the hip based on the available evidence whilst highlighting new and innovative techniques. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature from PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, Google Scholar, British Nursing Index (BNI), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED) was undertaken from their inception to March 2017 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Clinical outcome studies, prospective/retrospective case series and case reports that described the outcome of cartilage repair technique for the chondral injury in the hip were included. Studies on total hip replacement, animal studies, basic studies, trial protocols and review articles were excluded. RESULTS: The systematic review found 21 relevant papers with 596 hips. Over 80% of the included studies were published in or after 2010. Most studies were case series or case reports (18 studies, 85.7%). Arthroscopy was used in 11 studies (52.4%). The minimum follow-up period was six months. Mean age of the participants was 37.2 years; 93.5% of patients had cartilage injuries of the acetabulum and 6.5% of them had injuries of the femoral head. Amongst the 11 techniques described in the systematic review, autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis, osteochondral autograft transplantation and microfracture were the three frequently reported techniques. CONCLUSION: Over ten different techniques are available for cartilage repair in the hip, and most of them have good short- to medium-term outcomes. However, there are no robust comparative studies to assess superiority of one technique over another, and further research is required in this arena

Failure of palmaris longus muscle duplication and its clinical application

A case of failure of palmaris longus muscle duplication was found in the left forearm of a male cadaver. Specifically, two distinct palmaris longus muscles had failed to separate, and were united from the medial epicondyle to the palmar aponeurosis. We studied the exact morphology of the abnormal muscle, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported elsewhere in the literature. It also provided data for palmaris longus muscle morphology and may have clinical implications, as the knowledge of such an anomalous muscle should be useful for hand surgeons and radiologists. (Folia Morphol 2008: 67: 150–153