Analisis Retakan Korosi Tegangan Pada Aluminium Dengan Variasi Pembebanan Dalam Media Korosi Hcl 1m

Stress corrosion cracking [SCC] merupakan kegagalan logam korosi hasil peretakan intergranular atau transgranular dibawah pengaruh antara tegangan tarik dan lingkungan korosif. Bentuk korosi ini lazim sekali dijumpai di lingkungan industri seperti : industri perkapalan, perminyakan, dan industri – industri kontruksi logam. Dalam tugas akhir ini dimaksudkan untuk memahami fenomena Stress Corrosion Cracking secara teoritis dalam aluminium dengan mengkaji pengaruh variasi pembebanan didalam media korosi terhadap pertambahan panjang, lamanya waktu patah dan jenis retak. Pada penelitian ini pengujian menggunakan alat uji Stress Corrosion Cracking, untuk menciptakan suatu kondisi spesimen agar mendapatkan tegangan tarik pada lingkungan yang korosif. Tegangan yang diberikan berupa tegangan tarik yang berasal dari pembebanan statik pada sistem pengungkit. Kondisi korosif dapat dihasilkan dari bak yang diisi dengan larutan HCl. Analisa metalografi dimaksudkan untuk mengamati struktur mikro spesimen uji dan bentuk retak yang terjadi pada spesimen uji setelah dilakukan proses pengujian

A "healthy immigrant effect" or a "sick immigrant effect"? Selection and policies matter

Previous literature on a variety of countries has documented a "healthy immigrant effect" (HIE). Accordingly, immigrants arriving in the host country are, on average, healthier than comparable natives. However, their health status dissipates with additional years in the country. HIE is explained through the positive self-selection of healthy immigrants as well as the positive selection, screening and discrimination applied by host countries. In this article we study the health trajectories of immigrants within the context of selection and migration policies. Using SHARE data we examine the HIE, comparing Israel and 16 European countries that have fundamentally different migration policies. Israel has virtually unrestricted open gates for Jewish people around the world, who in turn have ideological rather than economic considerations to move. European countries have selective policies with regards to the health, education and wealth of migrants, who also self-select themselves. Our results provide evidence that (1) immigrants who move to Israel have compromised health and are significantly less healthy than comparable natives. Their health disadvantage persists for up to 20 years of living in Israel, after which they become similar to natives; (2) immigrants who move to Europe have significantly better health than comparable natives. Their health advantage remains positive for many years. Even though during some time lapses they are not significantly different from natives, their health status never becomes worse than that of natives. Our results are important for migration policy and relevant for domestic health policy

Table1_Tumor PD-L1 expression and molecular profiling are not associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroid dysfunction in advanced NSCLC patients.docx

Background: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however are frequently associated with thyroid immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). We investigated the association between patient characteristics, tumor PD-L1 expression and molecular profile with the development of thyroid IRAEs in NSCLC patients.Methods: Single center, retrospective study including 107 NSCLC patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors from April 2016 to July 2020. All patients were euthyroid at baseline with at least two TSH measurements post-treatment initiation. The primary outcome was the difference in tumor PD-L1 expression in patients who developed any thyroid IRAEs versus those who remained euthyroid. Additional outcomes included development of overt thyroid dysfunction, the association of specific molecular alterations with thyroid IRAEs, and onset of thyroid IRAEs as a function of tumor PD-L1 expression.Results: Overall, 37 (34.6%) patients developed any thyroid dysfunction and 18 (16.8%) developed overt thyroid dysfunction. Tumor PD-L1 staining intensity was not associated with thyroid IRAEs. TP53 mutation was less likely to be associated with any thyroid dysfunction (p Conclusion: PD-L1 expression is not associated with the development of thyroid dysfunction in advanced NSCLC patients treated with ICIs, suggesting that thyroid IRAEs are unrelated to tumor PD-L1 expression.</p

Predicting and affecting response to cancer therapy based on pathway-level biomarkers

Predicting an individual's response to therapy is an important goal for precision medicine. Here, the authors use an algorithm that takes into account the interaction type and directionality of signalling pathways in protein–protein interactions and find that their pathway analysis can predict essential genes, which may be a target for therapy