A primer and overview of the role of artificial intelligence in oral and maxillofacial radiology

INTRODUCTION Many have read or heard the term “artificial intelligence(AI),” but what does it mean, and more specifically for the purposes of this issue,what does it mean for the discipline of oral and maxillofacial radiology (OMR) both in the present and future of dentistry? Uses of AI are ubiquitous around the world in such varied applications as global positioning system maps, predictive aging technology, music sites, and character reconstruction from decades-old movies, to name a few. AI is so pervasive in contemporary society that it affects many aspects of human activity. Oral and maxillofacial radiology and dentistry are no different, so one may ask,“Why is it so important?

Ex vivo evaluation of new 2D and 3D dental radiographic technology for detecting caries

Proximal dental caries remains a prevalent disease with only modest detection rates by current diagnostic systems. Many new systems are available without controlled validation of diagnostic efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of three potentially promising new imaging systems

Patient shielding during dentomaxillofacial radiography: Recommendations from the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology

BACKGROUND: The American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology established an ad hoc committee to draft evidence-based recommendations and clinical guidance for the application of patient contact shielding during dentomaxillofacial imaging. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The committee reviewed monographs and reports from radiation protection organizations and studies that reported radiation dose to gonads, breasts, and thyroid gland from dentomaxillofacial imaging. RESULTS: Considering the absence of radiation-induced heritable effects in humans and the negligible dose to the gonads and fetus from dentomaxillofacial imaging, the committee recommends discontinuing shielding of the gonads, pelvic structures, and fetuses during all dentomaxillofacial radiographic imaging procedures. On the basis of radiation doses from contemporaneous maxillofacial imaging, the committee considered that the risks from thyroid cancer are negligible and recommends that thyroid shielding not be used during intraoral, panoramic, cephalometric, and cone-beam computed tomographic imaging. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This position statement informs and educates the reader on evolving radiation protection practices and provides simple, unequivocal guidance to dental personnel to implement these guidelines. State and local authorities should be contacted to update regulations to reflect these recommendations

Comparison of different methods to assess alveolar cleft defects in cone beam CT images

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of three different methods for assessing the volume of cleft defects in CBCT images. The influence of field of view (FOV) and voxel sizes was also assessed

Head Orientation in CBCT-generated Cephalograms

To determine the reliability of obtaining two-dimensional cephalometric measurements using two virtual head orientations from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) models

Observer Reliability of Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Identification on Cone-Beam CT

To evaluate reliability in 3D landmark identification using Cone-Beam CT

Atmospheric Acetaldehyde: Importance of Air-Sea Exchange and a Missing Source in the Remote Troposphere.

We report airborne measurements of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) during the first and second deployments of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). The budget of CH3CHO is examined using the Community Atmospheric Model with chemistry (CAM-chem), with a newly-developed online air-sea exchange module. The upper limit of the global ocean net emission of CH3CHO is estimated to be 34 Tg a-1 (42 Tg a-1 if considering bubble-mediated transfer), and the ocean impacts on tropospheric CH3CHO are mostly confined to the marine boundary layer. Our analysis suggests that there is an unaccounted CH3CHO source in the remote troposphere and that organic aerosols can only provide a fraction of this missing source. We propose that peroxyacetic acid (PAA) is an ideal indicator of the rapid CH3CHO production in the remote troposphere. The higher-than-expected CH3CHO measurements represent a missing sink of hydroxyl radicals (and halogen radical) in current chemistry-climate models