2 research outputs found

    Pendekatan Qspm Sebagai Dasar Perumusan Strategi Peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Batang, Jawa Tengah

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    The aim of this research is to analyse of increasing Local Original Income (LOI) strategy and his influence to increasing the regional income. The research was done at Local Government Income of Batang regency. This research also want to know that the LOI strategy was based on the potencies and opportunities. The analyzing use the IFE, EFE, SWOT, and then QSPM to choose strategic formulation; and proportion models. The result of Internal ā€“ External analysis show that increasing strategy of LOI have not based on the potencies and opportunities that they have yet. The Local Government Income of Batang Regency needs the intensification strategy for increasing the LOI. By the QSPM analysis, the Local Government Income of Batang Regency needs extensification strategy for LOI acceptance

    Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Studies of PPh<sub>3ā€“<i>n</i></sub>(dipp)<sub><i>n</i></sub> (dipp = 2,6-Diisopropylphenyl): Steric and Electronic Effects on the Chemical and Electrochemical Oxidation of a Homologous Series of Triarylphosphines and the Reactivities of the Corresponding Phosphoniumyl Radical Cations

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    Activation barriers to the electrochemical oxidation for the series PPh<sub>3ā€“<i>n</i></sub>(dipp)<sub><i>n</i></sub> (dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) in CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>/Bu<sub>4</sub>NPF<sub>6</sub> were measured using large amplitude FT ac voltammetry. Increasing substitution across this series, which offers the widest range of steric requirements across any analogous series of triarylphosphines reported to date, increases the energetic barrier to electron transfer; values of 18, 24, and 25 kJ mol<sup>ā€“1</sup> were found for compounds with <i>n</i> = 1, 2, and 3, respectively. These values are significantly greater than those calculated for outer sphere activation barriers, with deviations between observed and calculated values increasing with the number of dipp ligands. This suggests that the steric congestion afforded by these bulky substituents imposes significant reorganizational energy on the electron transfer processes. This is the first investigation of the effect of sterics on the kinetics of heterogeneous electron transfer across a structurally homologous series. Increased alkyl substitution across the series also increases the chemical reversibility of the oxidations and decreases the oxidation peak potentials. As the compounds for which <i>n</i> = 1 and 2 are novel, the synthetic strategies employed in their preparation are described, along with their full spectroscopic, physical, and crystallographic characterization. Optimal synthesis when <i>n</i> = 1 is via a Grignard reagent, whereas when <i>n</i> = 2 an aryl copper reagent must be employed, as use of a Grignard results in reductive coupling. Chemical oxidation studies were performed to augment the electrochemical work; the O, S, and Se oxidation products for the parent triarylphosphines for which <i>n</i> = 1 and 2 were isolated and characterized
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