A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

The effect of sodium monofluoroacetate on plasma testosterone concentration in Tiliqua rugosa (gray)

1. 1. Administration of multiple or single doses of sodium fluoroacetate (1080) to male Tiliqua rugosa caused a decrease in plasma testosterone concentration. 2. 2. A single dose of 100 or 250 mg 1080 kg-1 body weight decreased plasma testosterone by 52%. However, 25 mg kg-1 had little apparent effect on testosterone levels. When lizards were given the multiple dose equivalent of these doses over 12 days at 3 day intervals, the effect was much less dramatic with plasma testosterone concentration steadily declining over 15 days for the two higher doses. 3. 3. There was a suggestion of degeneration of seminiferous tubules in some individual

THE COMPLEMENTARY USE OF ATOM PROBE FIELD ION MICROSCOPY AND ANALYTICAL TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY FOR THE STUDY OF A Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY

Les compositions des phases γ, γ' et DO22 dans le superalliage à base Nickel RSR 143 (76Ni-13A1-9Mo-2Ta, % at.) ont été déterminées via la microscopie ionique à sonde à atomes (APFIM) comme étant 76Ni-6A1-18Mo, 67Ni-25A1-4Mo-4Ta et 73Ni-4A1-20Mo-3Ta respectivement. En utilisant la spectroscopie d'énergie dispersive x en microscopie électronique (TEM), la composition de la phase γ' (69Ni-22A1-4Mo-5Ta) s'est avérée similaire à celle déterminée par APFIM. L'écart de la composition DO22 par rapport à Ni3Mo est en accord avec les prévisions tirées d'une récente étude en TEM (Martin et al, 1980, 1982).Compositions of the γ, γ' and DO22 phases in the nickel-base superalloy RSR 143 (76Ni-13A1-9Mo-2Ta, at. %) have been determined via atom probe field-ion microscopy (APFIM) as 76Ni-6A1-18Mo, 67Ni-25A1-4Mo-4Ta and be 73Ni-4A1-20Mo-3Ta respectively. Using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy in the analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the composition of the γ' phase (69Ni-22A1-4Mo-5Ta) was found to be similar to that determined by APFIM. The deviation of the DO22 composition from Ni3Mo is in agreement with the prediction of a recent TEM study (Martin et al, 1980, 1982)

The market for house plants in Scotland

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Lending Division - LD:5381.6496(WSAC-MR--6) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Validity and reliability of an online extended version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ-E2) to measure nurses' fitness

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To describe modifications to a second extended version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire for online use in nursing populations, and check validity and reliability. BACKGROUND: The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire has been used to assess the severity and impact of musculoskeletal symptoms in occupational groups. The reliability of a previous extended version was established for paper-based, self-administration among nursing students. This current study extended the questionnaire to collect more information regarding musculoskeletal symptoms in all nine body regions and their work-relatedness, as an instrument is needed to gather evidence about the impact of fitness levels on occupational musculoskeletal disorders among nurses. DESIGN: Psychometric evaluation. METHOD: Sixty-five undergraduate nurses completed the online extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire twice. Content validity was examined by expert review and construct validity by exploratory factor analysis of 90 responses from the first completion. Reliability was checked by examining internal consistency, kappa statistics, proportions of observed, and positive and negative agreements, intra-class correlation coefficient and standard error of measurement. RESULTS: The instrument had high internal consistency and exploratory factor analysis revealed it was a relatively homogenous (unidimensional) measure of musculoskeletal symptom severity. Age of onset of symptoms questions were reliable, with high mean intra-class correlation coefficients and low mean standard errors of measurement. Overall, questions showed high mean strengths of agreement and proportions of observed agreement: three-quarters of the prevalence questions and 99% of the severity/impact questions had 10% or fewer disagreements. CONCLUSIONS: Modifications to the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and online administration did not diminish its validity or reliability for obtaining information about the severity of nurses' musculoskeletal symptoms. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Occupational musculoskeletal disorders are an issue for nurses. This questionnaire can be used to monitor nurses' musculoskeletal health, and in musculoskeletal disorder prevention studies

Exercise, fitness and musculoskeletal health of undergraduate nursing students: A cross‐sectional study

Aims To describe the exercise, physical fitness and musculoskeletal health of nursing students. Background Nursing students are prone to musculoskeletal disorders restricting work ability. Physical fitness and leisure‐time exercise may affect responses to workplace exposures and risk for work‐related musculoskeletal disorders. Design A cross‐sectional study. Method Between August 2013 and April 2015, a convenience sample of 111 nursing students performed submaximal exercise tests. Nursing work, exercise and musculoskeletal health were surveyed and analysed descriptively. Results Students’ mean age was 30.0 years, 89.2% were female and 20.0% worked in nursing while studying. Highest annual prevalence of musculoskeletal trouble was in low back (45.6%), neck (32.0%) and shoulder (18.5%) regions. Most exercised regularly but did not meet weekly cardiorespiratory, resistance, neuromotor and flexibility exercise recommendations and had poor to average fitness levels. Approximately 40% were overweight or obese; 26.1% had risk for obesity‐related disease. Conclusions Interventions to improve nursing students’ physical condition before entering the nursing workforce appear warranted. Impact Imbalance between physical work capacity and demanding workloads increases musculoskeletal disorder risk amongst undergraduate nursing students. A large proportion studied reported recent musculoskeletal trouble (particularly low back, neck and shoulder). They exhibited modifiable characteristics of overweight/obese, poor fitness and inadequate leisure‐time exercise, predisposing them to work‐related musculoskeletal disorders. Undergraduate preparation should raise nursing students’ health literacy about physical fitness and ways to achieve it, for their musculoskeletal health and work capacity. Improving nursing students’ fitness may enhance their work preparedness and help them achieve longevity in this physically demanding occupation