Borders Manifest: Racializing the Nicaraguan Refugee in Costa Rica

I look to border responses of North American countries as refugees and migrants move across them to argue that border responses racialize the foreign other in receiving countries. I pay particular attention to the South-South migration of Nicaraguans into Costa Rica, of importance now due to the increased displacement of Nicaraguans across this border as the Nicaraguan government continues its harsh crackdown on political dissenters in the country. Through critical whiteness studies, the tactics used to racialize Nicaraguans as an other in Costa Rica are interrogated. By connecting these methods of racialization and border responses, I examine how racial and geopolitical borders influence one another, coming to the conclusion that they actively support and construct each other

Extreme Fire as a Management Tool to Combat Regime Shifts in the Range of the Endangered American Burying Beetle

This study is focused on the population of federally-endangered American burying beetles in south-central Nebraska. It is focused on changes in land cover over time and at several levels of spatial scale, and how management efforts are impacting both the beetle and a changing landscape. Our findings are applicable to a large portion of the Great Plains, which is undergoing the same shift from grassland to woodland, and to areas where the beetle is still found

Predictors of First Semester Baccalaureate Nursing Student Academic Success

Accreditation standards, such as those of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education’s program indicators, require pre-licensure programs of nursing to report outcome metrics which includes program completion rates. In response to regulatory requirements and accreditation standards, pre-licensure programs of nursing have an interest in selecting applicants most likely to meet outcomes standards. Attrition is a serious issue with implications for students, pre-licensure programs of nursing, the nursing workforce, and populations requiring nursing care. Academic failure due to insufficient cognitive aptitude often contributes to the attrition rate. Pre-licensure programs of nursing may consider interviews, essays, and volunteer work during the admission process, although traditionally, pre-licensure program admission criteria have primarily focused on measures of academic preparedness and current knowledge. The most commonly used criteria in considering an applicant’s admission to pre-licensure programs of nursing have been prerequisite courses, science grades, cumulative GPA, and standardized nursing admission exams. The overall aim of this dissertation work was to determine the utility of using standardized nursing admission exams with a critical thinking component as a predictive admission criterion of first semester academic success. An integrative review was conducted to identify the standardized admission exams most predictive of nursing student success. Next, an original Nursing Cognitive Aptitude Model was presented to guide expanding standardized nursing admission exams by including a critical thinking component to predict first semester academic success. Finally, a complex associational design study was conducted to determine if a relationship existed between current scholastic knowledge (HESI A2 composite scores), critical thinking ability (HESI A2 Critical Thinking scores), prior academic performance (pre-nursing overall GPA), and first semester baccalaureate nursing student academic success. The model containing prior academic performance, current scholastic knowledge, and critical thinking ability was predictive of overall first semester nursing grade average. Further, critical thinking ability was the best predictor of success in each individual first semester nursing course. By identifying admission criteria most predictive of academic success, pre-licensure programs of nursing can improve retention rates, improve program outcomes, and increase the number of nurses entering the workforce

Producing Annual and Alternative Crops for Forage

Annual crops can be a valuable part of the normal farm operation. They are used to provide supplemental forage when perennial forage production is low. Additionally, under drought conditions, these annual crops may be the only choices available for emergency sources of forage. There are also several alternative crops available that can be used as forage crops. This publication provides general information and specific agronomic information about these crops

Treatment of Arsenic-Bearing Minerals and Fixation of Recovered Arsenic Products: An Updated Review

Mineral processing and extractive metallurgical operations have created and are creating appreciable arsenic bearing wastewater and waste solid products that have to be handled, treated for recycle, or treated for environmentally safe disposal. At present there are intense research and operational activities being conducted to provide the best viable processing procedures to ensure that the mineral processing and extractive metallurgical industries are profitable and environmentally secure. The focus of this presentation is on the element arsenic, even though many other deleterious elements may also be present in ores and concentrates. Numerous base metal resources contain arsenic bearing minerals, especially resources containing mineral sulfides. Information on presently treated metal-bearing resources and potential new resources is voluminous, especially for those containing arsenic mineralization. The influence of elevated arsenic concentrations in the treatment of copper-arsenic sulfides and to a lesser extent the treatment of copper-gold-arsenic sulfides are considered in this presentation. Because of chapter page limitations not all treatment processes are discussed, however, examples are provided to illustrate arsenic problems and industrial solutions. The major emphasis of this presentation has been placed on the present state-of-the-art for arsenic immobilization/fixation and long-term storage considerations

Available Grass Varieties for South Dakota

Grasslands of South Dakota total approximately 30 million acres and comprise an important source of agricultural income in the state. When adapted varieties of the most productive species are combined with proper management, grassland yields can be increased greatly. This publication is designed to assist producers in the selection of grass species and varieties for South Dakota pastures, rangelands, and conservation plantings. A short description of each species is followed by a listing of available varieties within that species. The origin, description, date of release, and recommended area of adaptation for each variety are given. Other variety within a species, that also may be available but are either not adapted or for which a limited amount of seed exists, also are listed. Areas of adaptation are shown in Figure 1. Information on the yield potential of the grass cultivars is included if available. Although several species or cultivars may be listed as adapted to your area, base your selection on production and management goals, soil type, and climate adaptability. The areas of adaptation given in this publication are broad geographic areas. Many species are adapted only to a certain soil type. They also may be more productive in one part of the zone than another. For these reasons, the authors recommend that you consult your county Extension or Soil Conservation Service office for further details before selecting a species or variety for planting

Forage Potential of Birdsfoot Trefoil

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is a perennial legume similar to alfalfa in growth habit. This species generally is adapted to the temperate climate of the northern part of the United States, where it is a hay and pasture crop of major importance. Birdsfoot trefoil is suitable for South Dakota, but it has not been planted in large acreages in the state primarily because of the popularity of alfalfa as a hay and pasture crop. Birdsfoot trefoil, however, has several characteristics that make it superior to alfalfa in certain situations. It deserves consideration as a possible South Dakota forage crop

Production of Annual and Alternative Crops for Forage

Annual crops can be a valuable part of the normal farm operation. They are used to provide supplemental forage when perennial forage production is low. Additionally, under drought conditions these annual crops may be the only choices available for emergency sources of forage. There are also several alternative crops available that can be used as forage crops. This report provides some general information concerning these crops and also presents specific agronomic information in the form of a table

A survey of the influence of selected sulfides on the thermal decomposition rate of zinc sulfate

The influence which ZnS, CdS, Cu2S, PbS, and FeS has on the thermal decomposition rate of ZnSO4 was studied by measuring the SO2 gas evolved per unit of time for various ZnSO4-MeS mixtures at 600°C, and analyzing the solid phases by means of X-ray diffraction patterns. The SO2 gas evolved upon heating the pellets was analyzed as a function of time by absorbing the gas in a solution of distilled water, H2O2, and NaOH, and measuring the time required for the SO2 to neutralize the NaOH. The gas absorption was found to be accurate and reproducible. The thermal decomposition of ZnSO4 occurred through the formation of several basic sulfates (xZnO·yZnSO4). The basic sulfate formed at 600°C was identified as ZnO·2ZnSO4. The admixtures markedly increased the decomposition rate of ZnSO4. The rate of reaction for mole:mole mixtures of ZnSO4 and ZnS, CdS, and Cu2S was approximately identical. The decomposition of the sulfate was much more rapid with PbS and FeS. One step that the ZnS, CdS, and Cu2S systems had in common was the formation of the intermediate phase ZnO·2ZnSO4. The faster PbS and FeS reactions passed through no basic sulfate formation step. The decomposition of the basic sulfate was shown to be the rate determining step. The following steps were proposed for the ZnS, CdS, and Cu2S systems: (1) The formation of oxide(s) or sulfate (fast). (2) The formation of the basic sulfate, ZnO·2ZnSO4 (fast). 3) The decomposition of the basic sulfate (slow). The d values and relative intensities of the experimental X-ray diffraction pattern for the ZnO·2ZnSO4 phase are reported --Abstract, pages i-ii