The “Operational Code” of Senator Fulbright and International Education: Belief Systems, National Missions, Political Contexts

The article makes explicit the foreign affairs belief system of Senator Fulbright, establishes the role of international education in his belief system, and analyzes the genesis and development of the Fulbright Exchange Program in the constraining context of American governmental and political culture. The theoretical framework is the “operational code” construct developed by political scientist Alexander George who suggested that decision makers operate on the basis of distinctive belief systems that bear directly on their assessments and behaviors. Throughout his career Fulbright stuck to his basic beliefs that conflict in international politics was only temporary, that there was a latent harmony of interests, that the dominating sources of conflict were either the anarchical international system (1943–1946), or warlike states (1946–1965), or that conflict lay in man‘s nature (1965 on). In all three periods he staunchly maintained that international education was a potent means for slowly transforming the nature of the political universe. Fulbright‘s “operational code” stands undoubtedly in sharp contrast to traditional realist decision makers

Der Zusammenhang körperlicher Aktivität mit Wohlbefinden, Zufriedenheit und Glück

In der vorliegenden empirischen Untersuchung wird die Thematik „Der Zusammenhang körperlicher Aktivität mit Wohlbefinden, Zufriedenheit und Glück“ untersucht. Zunächst wird der Fokus auf die Positive Psychologie und den populären Zweig der psychologischen Glücksforschung gesetzt sowie die Begriffe Wohlbefinden, Zufriedenheit und Glück theoriegeleitet operationalisiert und mit körperlicher Aktivität in Bezug gestellt. Danach erfolgt die Darstellung der Ergebnisse, die mittels Längsschnittstudie mit drei Gruppen (Sportler, Nicht-Sportler, Wiedereinsteiger) in einem Zeitraum von drei Monaten durchgeführt wurde. Es werden einerseits die Zusammenhänge zwischen körperlicher Aktivität mit Wohlbefinden, Zufriedenheit und Glück geprüft und anderseits anhand von Gruppen mit unterschiedlicher körperlicher Aktivität untersucht. Zudem wurden Trainingseffekte erhoben und das chronologische Alter mit dem biologischen Alter (BodyAgeTM) in Verbindung gebracht

J. William Fulbright —- Belief Systems, Models of Representation and Re-Election Strategies, 1942-1962

Most people remember Senator Fulbright as the great dissenter, the administration pariah, the vehement critic of the Vietnam war. There is more to the Fulbright puzzle than the distressed foreign affairs internationalists who turned to heresy. He was, before his conversion to an outspoken limitationism (Brown, 1985), a reflective man who shunned rather than sought the public spotlight, a party loyalist who preferred to exert influence from within, faithful supporter of NATO and the Atlantic Community, defender of foreign aid, even floor manager of the Tonkin Gulf resolution as a believer in the need for strong presidential leadership. Domestically, though, he was a middle-of-the-roader whose natural sympathies were for tradition and order, rather than for iconoclasm and rebellion.</jats:p