714 research outputs found
Factors that Influence the Implementation of New Technologies in the Classroom: A Look at Teacher Age, Years of Experience, Quality Professional Development & Self-Efficacy
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Toy Models for Galaxy Formation versus Simulations
We describe simple useful toy models for key processes of galaxy formation in
its most active phase, at z > 1, and test the approximate expressions against
the typical behaviour in a suite of high-resolution hydro-cosmological
simulations of massive galaxies at z = 4-1. We address in particular the
evolution of (a) the total mass inflow rate from the cosmic web into galactic
haloes based on the EPS approximation, (b) the penetration of baryonic streams
into the inner galaxy, (c) the disc size, (d) the implied steady-state gas
content and star-formation rate (SFR) in the galaxy subject to mass
conservation and a universal star-formation law, (e) the inflow rate within the
disc to a central bulge and black hole as derived using energy conservation and
self-regulated Q ~ 1 violent disc instability (VDI), and (f) the implied steady
state in the disc and bulge. The toy models provide useful approximations for
the behaviour of the simulated galaxies. We find that (a) the inflow rate is
proportional to mass and to (1+z)^5/2, (b) the penetration to the inner halo is
~50% at z = 4-2, (c) the disc radius is ~5% of the virial radius, (d) the
galaxies reach a steady state with the SFR following the accretion rate into
the galaxy, (e) there is an intense gas inflow through the disc, comparable to
the SFR, following the predictions of VDI, and (f) the galaxies approach a
steady state with the bulge mass comparable to the disc mass, where the
draining of gas by SFR, outflows and disc inflows is replenished by fresh
accretion. Given the agreement with simulations, these toy models are useful
for understanding the complex phenomena in simple terms and for
back-of-the-envelope predictions.Comment: Resubmitted to MNRAS after responding to referee's comments; Revised
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Legal Considerations for the Use of Social Media by Public School Educators
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Leadership, Service, and Community: A Regional Focus
The ability to train and share updated information on leadership with our community and education leaders are a missing component of most leadership programs. The interaction and communication between institutions of higher education, K-12 education, and the business worlds tend to be an area of constant struggle. The Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis Department (ELPA) at East Tennessee State University are stepping out to serve the leaders of their region with an annual Leadership Symposium. The Doctoral Fellows and other ELPA students have been hosting this symposium for two years and through continued research and growth want to create a model to allow other programs the ability to connect with their surrounding communities
Isomerisation of cis-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to trans-9 trans-11 CLA during acidic methylation can be avoided by a rapid base catalysed methylation of milk fat
This study investigated the evolution of trans-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation and its avoidance through a rapid base methylation of milk fat. The study examined three conditions shown to result in loss of cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation namely: temperature, methylation time, water contamination in old reagents and acidic conditions. Three techniques currently used for the conversion of milk fat into fatty acid methyl esters for analysis of CLA content by gas liquid chromatography and a fourth procedure designed to eliminate acidic conditions and to limit methylation temperature and time were used. The four methods were: (i) acidic methylation (AM); (ii) acidic and basic bimethylation with fresh reagents (FBM); (iii) acidic and basic bimethylation with pre-prepared reagents (PBM) and (iv) basic methylation (BM). Each regime was carried out on six milk samples over two periods and methylated 1 ml freeze-dried milk (n=12 per regime). Total CLA was not different across methylation regimes (0.30 mg/ml). Isomer cis-9 trans-11 was higher (P <0.01) with BM than the other regimes and lowest with AM: 21.2, 17.8, 18.8 and 14.7 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. The inverse relationship was shown for trans-9 trans-11 with higher (P <0.001) amounts with AM than the other regimes and lowest with BM: 0.57, 2.55, 2.36 and 3.69 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. The trans-10 cis-12 isomer was also shown to alter with methylation procedure being higher (P <0.001) with AM than the other regimes: 0.43, 0.47, 0.29 and 1.20 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. Validation with known CLA free fatty acid and triacylglycerol standards confirmed that AM resulted in conversion of cis-9 trans-11 to trans-9 trans-11, and also elevated trans-10 cis-12 whilst BM of triacylglycerol CLA did not isomerise cis-9 trans-11 and was comparable to FBM
Algorithms for the Numerical Solution of a Finite-Part Integral Equation
The authors investigate a hypersingular integral equation which arises in the study of acoustic wave scattering by moving objects. A Galerkin method and two collocation methods are presented for solving the problem numerically. These numerical techniques are compared and contrasted in three test problems
Learning Styles of Physical Therapy and Physical Therapy Assistant Students in Accredited Physical Therapy Programs
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