The Classification of Weld Seam Defects for Quantitative Analysis by means of Ultrasonic Testing

The paper describes effective quality assessment of spent nuclear fuel storage cask. The ultrasonic testing method is considered. The classification of possible defects with corresponding dimensions limits is proposed. The database of defects of the spent nuclear fuel storage cask was created in compliance with the nuclear energy industry regulatory documents

Ultrasonic fingerprinting by phased array transducer

Increasing quantity of spent nuclear fuel that must be under national and international control requires a novel approach to safeguard techniques and equipment. One of the proposed approaches is utilize intrinsic features of casks with spent fuel. In this article an application of a phased array ultrasonic method is considered. This study describes an experimental results on ultrasonic fingerprinting of austenitic steel seam weld

Ultrasonic fingerprinting by phased array transducer

Increasing quantity of spent nuclear fuel that must be under national and international control requires a novel approach to safeguard techniques and equipment. One of the proposed approaches is utilize intrinsic features of casks with spent fuel. In this article an application of a phased array ultrasonic method is considered. This study describes an experimental results on ultrasonic fingerprinting of austenitic steel seam weld

Фагорезистентность условно-патогенных бактерий кишечной микробиоты у детей с нарушениями микробиоценоза

Objective: to study the circulation and prevalence of phage-resistant strains among opportunistic enterobacteria, isolated from children with disorders of intestinal microflora, in relation to domestic preparations of bacteriophages.Materials and methods. A bacteriological study of the fecal microflora of the colon in 970 young children for dysbiosis was carried out. The sensitivity of 720 antibiotic-resistant strains of opportunistic enterobacteriaceae (S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci) isolated from children to domestic mono- and polyvalent drugs was studied (coliprotein, staphylococcal, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, purified Klebsiella pneumonia bacteriophage, “Sextafag”, Intesta bacteriophage). Determination of sensitivity to bacteriophages was carried out by the “sterile spot” method. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the disk diffusion method. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software package.Results. A large percentage of phage-resistant strains with low sensitivity to bacteriophages was revealed among opportunistic bacteria, amounting to 54,2%, with the highest circulation among coagulase-negative staphylococci, Proteus, Klebsiella (more than 50%). A significant spread of intestinal dysbiosis was established in young children (87,5%), characterized by a low content of bifidobacteria and a high level of allocation of opportunistic enterobacteria, including in associations.Conclusion. As a result of the studies, a significant prevalence of phage-resistant strains in children with dysbiosis was revealed, which indicates the need for preliminary determination of their sensitivity to bacteriophages in order to resolve the issue of their possible inclusion in the intestinal microflora correction system.Цель: изучение циркуляции и распространенности фагорезистентных штаммов среди условно-патогенных энтеробактерий, выделенных от детей с нарушениями микрофлоры кишечника, по отношению к отечественным препаратам бактериофагов.Материалы и методы. Проведено бактериологическое исследование фекальной микрофлоры толстой кишки у 970 детей раннего возраста на дисбактериоз. Изучена чувствительность 720 антибиотикорезистентных штаммов условно-патогенных энтеробактерий (S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis и P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, коагулазоотрицательных стафилококков), выделенных от детей, к отечественным монои поливалентным препаратам бактериофагов (колипротейный, стафилококковый, синегнойный, бактериофаг клебсиелл пневмония очищенный, «Секстафаг», интести-бактериофаг). Определение чувствительности к бактериофагам проводили методом «стерильного пятна». Чувствительность к антибиотикам определяли диско-диффузионным методом. Статистическая обработка результатов осуществлялась при помощи пакета программ Microsoft Office Excel 2007.Результаты. Выявлен большой процент фагорезистентных и с низкой чувствительностью к бактериофагам штаммов среди условно-патогенных бактерий (54,2%) с наибольшей циркуляцией среди коагулазоотрицательных стафилококков, протеев, клебсиелл (более 50%). Установлено значительное распространение кишечных дисбиозов у детей раннего возраста (87,5%), характеризующихся низким содержанием бифидобактерий и высоким уровнем выделения условно-патогенных энтеробактерий, в том числе в ассоциациях.Заключение. В результате проведенных исследований выявлена значительная распространенность фагорезистентных штаммов у детей с дисбиозами, что свидетельствует о необходимости предварительного определения их чувствительности к бактериофагам для решения вопроса о возможном включении последних в систему коррекции микрофлоры кишечника

Composite fluoropolymer piezoelectric membranes for reconstructive surgery

The work represents the results of researchers on the formation of composite fluoropolymer piezoelectric membranes based on a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride with tetrafluoroethylene (VDF-TeFE) and polyethylpyrrolidone (PVP) by the electrospinning method. The effect of the PVP content on the structure of the formed membranes was measured using scanning electron microscopy. The biocompatibility of the obtained membranes was studied by fluorescence microscopy on a model of human skin fibroblasts. The studied samples with a 0, 5 and 15% PVP content have good adhesive characteristics, preserve the viability and potential of cells to divide and therefore are most suitable for further use in regenerative medicine

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИИ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНОЙ ТРАНСМИССИИ ВИЧ НА ЮГЕ РОССИИ

One of the serious negative consequences of the HIV infection epidemic is the involvement of women of reproductive age and children into the epidemic process. The problem of vertical HIV infection transmission does not lose its relevance and causes the need for continuous monitoring of measures to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to child. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a set of measures to prevent the transmission of HIV infection from mother to child in the South of Russia.Materials and methods. The common methods of variation statistics were used in the work to analyze the data from the reporting forms of monitoring by Rospotrebnadzor «Imformation on measures for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, detection and treatment of HIV patients» and federal reporting forms N 61 «Information on contingents of patients with a disease caused by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)» for 2016 and 2017, presented by the territorial Centers for Prevention and Control of AIDS of 15 RF subjects of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District.Results. In 2017, compared to 2016, the decrease in the number of births in HIV-positive women was traced on the territory of the South of Russia. In 2017, target levels of mother-child coverage with chemoprevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy (over 92%) and during childbirth (more than 93,5%) were achieved in the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District. A high proportion of women with a detectable level of HIV replication before birth was revealed.Conclusion. The implementation of the recommended by standards preventive measures and the provision of antiretroviral drugs allowed to significantly increase the coverage of HIV infected pregnant women and their newborns with antiretroviral prophylactic treatment by 2018 which prevented HIV infection transmission from mothers to 8840 children. The problems that prevent the implementation of the full range of measures for the prevention of the vertical transmission of HIV in the South of Russia are identified and approaches for their solution are suggested. Одним из серьезных негативных последствий эпидемии ВИЧ-инфекции является вовлечение в эпидемический процесс женщин репродуктивного возраста и детей. Проблема вертикальной передачи ВИЧ-инфекции не теряет своей актуальности и обусловливает необходимость проведения непрерывного мониторинга мероприятий по профилактике передачи ВИЧ-инфекции от матери к ребенку.Цель: оценка эффективности комплекса мероприятий по профилактике передачи ВИЧ-инфекции от матери к ребенку на Юге России.Материалы и методы. В работе использовались общепринятые методы вариационной статистики для анализа данных отчетных форм мониторинга Роспотребнадзора «Сведения о мероприятиях по профилактике ВИЧинфекции, гепатитов В и С, выявлению и лечению больных ВИЧ» и федеральных отчетных форм № 61 «Сведения о контингентах больных болезнью, вызванной вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ)» за 2016 г. и 2017 г., представленных территориальными центрами по профилактике и борьбе со СПИДом 15 субъектов Российской Федерации Южного и Северо-Кавказского федеральных округов.Результаты. В 2017 г. по сравнению с 2016 г. на территории Юга России прослежено снижение количества родов у ВИЧ-позитивных женщин. В 2017 г. в ЮФО и СКФО достигнуты целевые уровни охвата пар мать – дитя химиопрофилактикой передачи ВИЧ-инфекции от матери к ребенку во время беременности (более 92%) и во время родов (более 93,5%). Выявлен высокий удельный вес женщин с определяемым уровнем репликации ВИЧ перед родами.Заключение. Проведение рекомендованных стандартами профилактических мероприятий и обеспечение антиретровирусными препаратами позволили к 2018 г. значительно повысить охват ВИЧ-инфицированных беременных и новорожденных антиретровирусным профилактическим лечением, что позволило предотвратить заражение ВИЧ-инфекцией от матерей 8840 детей. Обозначены проблемы, препятствующие реализации полного комплекса мероприятий по профилактике вертикальной трансмиссии ВИЧ на Юге России, и предложены подходы для их решения.

Some epidemiological aspects of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in rostov region

Objective. To perform the analysis, monitoring, and prognosis of the spread of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Rostov region. Material and methods. We evaluated the incidence of COVID-19 in Rostov region. The data was obtained from the Rostov Department of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rostov region, and Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology. In addition to that, we monitored the information on the official websites of the Government of Rostov region and regional COVID-19 headquarters. The SEIR analytical platform was used to build a mathematical model for predicting the spread of infection in Rostov region. Results. We have evaluated the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in Rostov region and analyzed the effectiveness of preventive and anti-epidemic measures with the possibility of predicting the development of the epidemic process in the region

ACTUAL ISSUES IN HIV INFECTION AND PREVENTION OF PERINATAL HIV TRANSMISSION IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

One of the serious negative consequences of the HIV infection epidemic is the involvement of women of reproductive age and children into the epidemic process. The problem of vertical HIV infection transmission does not lose its relevance and causes the need for continuous monitoring of measures to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to child. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a set of measures to prevent the transmission of HIV infection from mother to child in the South of Russia.Materials and methods. The common methods of variation statistics were used in the work to analyze the data from the reporting forms of monitoring by Rospotrebnadzor «Imformation on measures for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, detection and treatment of HIV patients» and federal reporting forms N 61 «Information on contingents of patients with a disease caused by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)» for 2016 and 2017, presented by the territorial Centers for Prevention and Control of AIDS of 15 RF subjects of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District.Results. In 2017, compared to 2016, the decrease in the number of births in HIV-positive women was traced on the territory of the South of Russia. In 2017, target levels of mother-child coverage with chemoprevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy (over 92%) and during childbirth (more than 93,5%) were achieved in the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District. A high proportion of women with a detectable level of HIV replication before birth was revealed.Conclusion. The implementation of the recommended by standards preventive measures and the provision of antiretroviral drugs allowed to significantly increase the coverage of HIV infected pregnant women and their newborns with antiretroviral prophylactic treatment by 2018 which prevented HIV infection transmission from mothers to 8840 children. The problems that prevent the implementation of the full range of measures for the prevention of the vertical transmission of HIV in the South of Russia are identified and approaches for their solution are suggested