Voyageurs français en Sicile au temps du romantisme (1802-1848) : Forbin, Didier, Alexandre Dumas, Paul de Musset, etc. /

Thèse--Univ. de Paris."Bibliographie": p. [489]-491

Glutathione oxidation in response to intracellular H2O2: Key but overlapping roles for dehydroascorbate reductases

Glutathione is a pivotal molecule in oxidative stress, during which it is potentially oxidized by several pathways linked to H2O2 detoxification. We have investigated the response and functional importance of 3 potential routes for glutathione oxidation pathways mediated by glutathione S-transferases (GST), glutaredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxins (PRXII), and dehydroascorbate reductases (DHAR) in Arabidopsis during oxidative stress. Loss-of-function gstU8, gstU24, gstF8, prxIIE and prxIIF mutants as well as double gstU8 gstU24, gstU8 gstF8, gstU24 gstF8, prxIIE prxIIF mutants were obtained. No mutant lines showed marked changes in their phenotype and glutathione profiles in comparison to the wild-type plants in either optimal conditions or oxidative stress triggered by catalase inhibition. By contrast, multiple loss of DHAR functions markedly decreased glutathione oxidation triggered by catalase deficiency. To assess whether this effect was mediated directly by loss of DHAR enzyme activity, or more indirectly by upregulation of other enzymes involved in glutathione and ascorbate recycling, we measured expression of glutathione reductase (GR) and expression and activity of monodehydroascorbate reductases (MDHAR). No evidence was obtained that either GRs or MDHARs were upregulated in plants lacking DHAR function. Hence, interplay between different DHARs appears to be necessary to couple ascorbate and glutathione pools and to allow glutathione-related signaling during enhanced H2O2 metabolism

Glutathione oxidation in response to intracellular H₂O₂: Key but overlapping roles for dehydroascorbate reductases

<p>Glutathione is a pivotal molecule in oxidative stress, during which it is potentially oxidized by several pathways linked to H₂O₂ detoxification. We have investigated the response and functional importance of 3 potential routes for glutathione oxidation pathways mediated by glutathione S-transferases (GST), glutaredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxins (PRXII), and dehydroascorbate reductases (DHAR) in Arabidopsis during oxidative stress. Loss-of-function <i>gstU8, gstU24, gstF8, prxIIE</i> and <i>prxIIF</i> mutants as well as double <i>gstU8 gstU24, gstU8 gstF8, gstU24 gstF8, prxIIE prxIIF</i> mutants were obtained. No mutant lines showed marked changes in their phenotype and glutathione profiles in comparison to the wild-type plants in either optimal conditions or oxidative stress triggered by catalase inhibition. By contrast, multiple loss of DHAR functions markedly decreased glutathione oxidation triggered by catalase deficiency. To assess whether this effect was mediated directly by loss of DHAR enzyme activity, or more indirectly by upregulation of other enzymes involved in glutathione and ascorbate recycling, we measured expression of glutathione reductase (GR) and expression and activity of monodehydroascorbate reductases (MDHAR). No evidence was obtained that either GRs or MDHARs were upregulated in plants lacking DHAR function. Hence, interplay between different DHARs appears to be necessary to couple ascorbate and glutathione pools and to allow glutathione-related signaling during enhanced H₂O₂ metabolism.</p

Glutathione oxidation in response to intracellular H₂O₂: Key but overlapping roles for dehydroascorbate reductases

<p>Glutathione is a pivotal molecule in oxidative stress, during which it is potentially oxidized by several pathways linked to H₂O₂ detoxification. We have investigated the response and functional importance of 3 potential routes for glutathione oxidation pathways mediated by glutathione S-transferases (GST), glutaredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxins (PRXII), and dehydroascorbate reductases (DHAR) in Arabidopsis during oxidative stress. Loss-of-function <i>gstU8, gstU24, gstF8, prxIIE</i> and <i>prxIIF</i> mutants as well as double <i>gstU8 gstU24, gstU8 gstF8, gstU24 gstF8, prxIIE prxIIF</i> mutants were obtained. No mutant lines showed marked changes in their phenotype and glutathione profiles in comparison to the wild-type plants in either optimal conditions or oxidative stress triggered by catalase inhibition. By contrast, multiple loss of DHAR functions markedly decreased glutathione oxidation triggered by catalase deficiency. To assess whether this effect was mediated directly by loss of DHAR enzyme activity, or more indirectly by upregulation of other enzymes involved in glutathione and ascorbate recycling, we measured expression of glutathione reductase (GR) and expression and activity of monodehydroascorbate reductases (MDHAR). No evidence was obtained that either GRs or MDHARs were upregulated in plants lacking DHAR function. Hence, interplay between different DHARs appears to be necessary to couple ascorbate and glutathione pools and to allow glutathione-related signaling during enhanced H₂O₂ metabolism.</p

L'eau à découvert

Indispensable à la régulation du climat, au développement de la vie sur Terre, au maintien des écosystèmes, aux populations, au développement de l'agriculture, de l'industrie comme à la production d'énergie, l'eau est un élément vital. Il convient donc, dans un contexte de changement global, d'analyser dans toute sa diversité la place et le rôle de l'eau et de se donner ainsi les moyens de mieux la préserver. Autour de cet enjeu qui engage toute l'humanité, Agathe Euzen, Catherine Jeandel et Rémy Mosseri ont réuni près de cent cinquante contributions, visant à apporter un éclairage sur chacun des domaines et des approches que couvre cette thématique. Quelle est l'origine de l'eau ? Son rapport avec l'apparition de la vie ? Quel rôle a-t-elle joué dans l'histoire de la planète et dans le développement de la vie végétale, animale et humaine ? Quel est son cycle ? Quelles sont ses propriétés chimiques ? Comment les sociétés se sont-elles emparées de cet élément précieux ? Allons-nous manquer d'eau ? L'eau est-elle source de conflits ? Comment l'eau est-elle gérée ? Comment recycle-t-on une eau polluée ? Quels sont les risques pour la santé mondiale ? Quels sont les grands enjeux liés à l'eau au xxie siècle ? Comprendre et proposer des solutions à ces défis majeurs est l'intention de cet ouvrage