Late Cenozoic Sedimentary Evolution of the Antalya Basin, Southern Turkey

International audienceThe Late Cenozoic Antalya Basin developed unconformably on a foundered basement comprising Mesozoic autochthonous carbonate platform(s) overthrust by the Lycian Nappes, the Antalya Nappes and the Alanya Massif metamorphics within the Isparta Angle, southern Turkey. The present configuration of the basin consists of three distinct parts, referred herein as the Aksu, Köprüçay and Manavgat sub-basins, respectively, which are divided by the north-south-trending Kırkkavak Fault and the westward-verging Aksu Thrust. The Miocene fill of each sub-basin is characterized by thick accumulations of non-marine to marine clastics with locally developed coralgal reefs and reefal shelf carbonates. Based on lithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic considerations, integrated with previously established data, the Miocene fill of the Antalya Basin is reorganized into nine formations and twelve members. A total of nineteen facies have been distinguished within this stratigraphic framework. The stratigraphic organization and the time and space relationships of these facies indicate contrasting styles of sedimentation characterized by several facies associations representing deposition in colluvial and alluvial fan/fan delta with coralgal reefs, reefal shallow carbonate shelf, base of fault-controlled fore reef slope and clastic open marine shelf environments in the tectonically active sub-basins. The coralgal reefs, which occur as small, isolated patch reefs developed on progradational alluvial fan/fan delta conglomerates, and the reefal shelf carbonates represent small to large scale, transgressive-regressive cycles which are closely associated with the complex interaction between sporadic influxes of coarse terrigeneous clastics derived from the tectonically active basin margins and/or related to the eustatic sea level changes during Late Burdigalian-Langhian and Late Tortonian-Messinian times. With regard to structural history, the Antalya Neogene basins exhibit contrasting behaviour according to their position within the Isparta Angle. West of Antalya, the Lycian Basin is linked to the eastwards advance of the overlying Lycian Nappes up to the Burdigalian; in the centre of the Isparta Angle, the Aksu and Köprüçay sub-basins are younger (Serravalian-Tortonian) and exhibit intense deformation, reflecting west-directed compressional events of Late Miocene to Lower Pliocene age. In contrast, the Manavgat sub-basin situated further east is only weakly deformed, and even farther east, the Ermenek and Mut basins are almost undeformed. Thus the evolution of the Neogene Antalya basins highlights the fundamental structural asymmetry of the Isparta Angle

Examination of empathy-like behaviour in nicotine-preferring rat lines

Aim: Addiction is an important global health issue, impacting also addicts environment and society. Empathy plays crucial role in establishing successful social relationships and is a fundamental component of social life. The aim of this study is to investigate how nicotine preferring (NP) strain and oral forced nicotine administration affects empathy-like behaviour in rats, with gender differences. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley NP rats (10 males/10 females) and wild-type control rats (10 males/10 females) were used. Behavioural tests were administered to all rats before and after oral forced nicotine administration. The behavioural tests were completed in the fourth week of nicotine administration. Anxiety levels that could affect empathy-like behaviour were evaluated with open field, elevated plus maze tests and with blood cortisol levels. Oxytocin receptor and arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels, which have been shown to be related to empathy-like behaviour, were examined in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala regions using the enzyme-linked immunoassay method. Results: It was observed that males from the NP strain showed less empathy-like behaviour than all other groups, and nicotine administration did not cause a significant change in the results. Higher levels of locomotor activity (LA) were found in control females than in all other groups. Blood nicotine and corticosterone levels were higher in NP rats. No significant differences were found in AVP and oxytocin receptor levels in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Conclusions: It was found that coming from an addicted strain particularly reduces empathy-like behaviour in males

Examination Of Empathy-Like Behavior in Nicotine-Preferring Rat Lines And Controls

[No Abstract Available][BAP-TDK-2020-21454]BAP-TDK-2020-21454; EUHADYEK:2019-059

Valorisation of the Geological Values (Future Geosite Candidates) Around the UNESCO World Heritage Asset of Hittite Capital Ḫattuša, Türkiye

The ancient city of Ḫattuša, which is already in the UNESCO World Heritage List, is one of the most attractive cultural tourism spots in the central Anatolian landmass. The city is located in the Boğazkale district of the Çorum province and is one of the most important settlements in the Hittite history. The city had served as the capital of the Hittites approximately for 500&nbsp;years. The oldest archaeological findings in this ancient city start from the Chalcolithic Age and extend to the Byzantine period; however, the city reached its golden ages during the reign of the Hittite Empire. Especially the construction of the monumental structures has been considered to be initiated during the old Hittite Kingdom, in the mid-sixteenth century B.C. Besides the famous cultural tourism attractions, the city and its surroundings host important geological structures. In this aspect, we propose twelve potential geosite candidates, which are quantitatively evaluated. These potential geosites are evaluated in basis of their stratigraphic, volcanic, sedimentological, structural geological value and historical significance. Especially, six of these geosite candidates are already located within the archaeological protection area and have an important potential to be registered as future geosites. A quantitative assessment of these geosites and the region for its scientific value (SV), potential educational use (PEU), potential touristic use (PTU) and degradation risk (DR) has shown that the study area has moderate high regional SV, PEU and PTU scores (288, 279 and 278, respectively) and low moderate (213) DR score. The results of the quantitative assessment show that the region has an important potential for geology education and geotourism activities.</p