GLYCOSIDES ISOLATED FROM THE AERIAL PARTS OF Premna integrifolia L. GROWING IN THAI BINH

From the aerial parts of Premna integrifolia L., three glycosides acteoside (1), premnaodoroside A (2), and premnaodoroside B (3) were isolated. Their chemical structures were elucidated by means of ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC spectra and in comparison with the previous literature. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of 1 and 3 from P. integrifolia

Study on synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple leaf waste and its potential applications as a thickener

In this study, cellulose and hemicellulose were successfully extracted from pineapple leaf waste at yields of 58.8 and 16.1% by dried weight, respectively. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was synthesised from pineapple leaf cellulose by an esterification process using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA) with isopropanol as the supporting medium. Preparation of CMC was investigated by varying three free factors, namely, NaOH concentration, MCA dose, and cellulose size. The carboxymethylation process was optimised to produce CMC with differing degrees of substitution (DS). The highest DS of CMC (0.86) was obtained with 15% (w/v) NaOH solution, 0.6 g of MCA/g cellulose, and 50 μm cellulose. The obtained CMC were characterised by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM images and XRD diffractions. Moreover, the thickening performance of obtained CMC was also determined. The influence of the CMC’s molecular weight and degree of substitution on the viscosity of 1% (w/v) aqueous solution was tested. The experimental results suggest that the viscosity of the solution increases with increasing molecular weight and degree of substitution of CMC

The TÍNH KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH CỦA Vibrio spp. PHÂN LẬP TỪ NƯỚC NUÔI THỦY SẢN Ở MỘT SỐ KHU VỰC MIỀN BẮC VIỆT NAM

Antibiotic resistance is a serious global problem, especially in aquaculture. In this study, we evaluated the antibiotic resistance of Vibrio spp. isolated from aquaculture water in shrimp and fish farming areas of five provinces of Northern Vietnam. There were 86 bacterial samples isolated, belonging to four species of Vibrio sp., in which V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus were the two most widespread species on selective TCBS và ChroMagarTMVibrio media. These bacterial samples were used to evaluate their resistance to 13 antibiotics with the agar plate diffusion method according to CLSI standards. The results show that these samples have a very high rate of resistance to ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin (98.84%), streptomycin (84.88%), and oxytetracycline (69.77%); the lowest resistance rate is to phenicol antibiotics: chloramphenicol (32.56%) and florfenicol (31.4%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices were recorded from 0.15 to 1.0. Two isolates were resistant to all 13 antibiotics. The bacterial isolates from aquaculture water of the five areas have a high resistant rate (100%) from four to eight antibiotics. This result suggests a relationship between antibiotic resistance of the bacterial strains and the current use of antibiotics in aquaculture, and this is one of the important bases for developing strategies and plans on the use and control of antibiotics in aquaculture in the localities.Kháng kháng sinh là một vấn đề nghiêm trọng mang tính chất toàn cầu, đặc biệt là trong nuôi trồng thuỷ sản. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã tiến hành đánh giá tính kháng kháng sinh của Vibrio spp. phân lập từ nước nuôi thủy sản tại vùng nuôi tôm, cá của năm tỉnh miền Bắc Việt Nam. Đã có 86 mẫu vi khuẩn được phân lập bao gồm bốn loài Vibrio sp. trong đó phổ biến là V. parahaemolyticus và V. alginolyticus trên môi trường chọn lọc TCBS và ChroMagarTMVibrio. Các mẫu vi khuẩn này đã được sử dụng để đánh giá tính kháng của chúng đối với 13 loại kháng sinh bằng phương pháp khuếch tán trên đĩa thạch theo tiêu chuẩn CLSI. Kết quả cho thấy các mẫu này có tỉ lệ kháng rất cao với ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin (98,84%), streptomycin (84,88%), oxytetracyline (69,77%) và tỉ lệ kháng thấp nhất với nhóm kháng sinh phenicol bao gồm chloramphenicol (32,56%) và florfenicol (31,4%). Chỉ số đa kháng (MAR) được ghi nhận từ 0,15 đến 1,0; hai mẫu vi khuẩn kháng với tất cả 13 loại kháng sinh. Các vi khuẩn phân lập từ năm khu vực thu mẫu nước nuôi thuỷ sản đều có tỉ lệ kháng 100% từ bốn đến tám loại kháng sinh. Kết quả này cho thấy rằng có mối liên hệ giữa tính kháng kháng sinh ở các chủng vi khuẩn với việc sử dụng kháng sinh trong nuôi thuỷ sản hiện nay và đây là một trong những cơ sở quan trọng để xây dựng các chiến lược và kế hoạch sử dụng và kiểm soát thuốc kháng sinh trong nuôi thủy sản tại các địa phương

Reference values for ductus venosus doppler indices of normal gestation at 22-37 weeks: A Vietnamese cohort study

Prenatal doppler ultrasound of the ductus venosus plays an important role in the evaluation of fetal circulation and fetal heart function. We aimed to establish the percentile of Resistivity Index (RI) and Pulsatility Index (PI) of the Ductus Venosus (DV) among normal Vietnamese fetuses with a gestation from 22 to 37 weeks in a cohort study. Normal Vietnamese fetuses with a gestation ranging from 22 to 37 weeks were examined in a cohort study. The PI and RI were recorded from the DV. We analyzed 640 participants who all fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of our study. Results: There was a significant correlation between RI, PI and gestational age as shown with the equations y = 0.077x – 0.003x2 + 3.493e - 5x3 (r=0.97) and y = 0.106x – 0.004x2 + 4.5e - 5x3 (r=0.94), respectively. A centile module was constructed for the DV RI and PI indices among normal Vietnamese fetuses with gestation from 22 to 37 weeks

Single-port and multiport robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the perioperative, oncological, and functional outcomes between single-port robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (SP-RARP) and multiport robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (MP-RARP) via a meta-analysis. METHODS: For relevant articles, three electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched from their inception until January 15, 2022. A meta-analysis has been reported in line with PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR Guidelines. The risk ratio and weighted mean difference (MD) were applied for the comparison of dichotomous and continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Of the 368 retrieved abstracts, 41 underwent full-text review, and seven studies were included in the final analysis, comprising a total cohort of 1,934 cases of RARP (355 SP-RARP cases and 1,579 MP-RARP cases). Compared to MP-RARP, the SP-RARP group had less postoperative pain score (MD = -0.7, 95% CI -1 to -0.4, P<0.001), morphine milligram equivalents usage (MD = -3.8, 95% CI -7.5 to -0.1, P=0.04), hospital stay (MD = -1, 95% CI -1.8 to -0.1, P=0.019), and urinary catheterization time (MD = -1.1, 95% CI -1.9 to -0.3, P=0.008). However, the SP-RARP group had a longer console time than the MP-RARP group (MD = 5.3, 95% CI 2.6 to 7.9, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that early results were mostly equivalent with the single-port approach. This technology may help to reduce the hospital stay and postoperative pain for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy compared to MP-RARP, without compromising the functional and early oncological outcomes

Drug resistance and the genotypic characteristics of and in rifampicin- and/or isoniazid-resistant isolates in central Vietnam

Objectives Tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) are national health burdens in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of rifampicin (RIF) and/or isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH) resistance in patients with suspected TB, and applied appropriate techniques to help rapidly target DR-TB. Methods In total, 1,547 clinical specimens were collected and cultured using the BACTEC MGIT system (Becton Dickinson and Co.). A resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) was used to determine the proportions of RIF and/or INH resistance. A real-time polymerase chain reaction panel with TaqMan probes was employed to identify the mutations of rpoB and katG associated with DR-TB in clinical isolates. Genotyping of the identified mutations was also performed. Results A total of 468 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were identified using the REMA. Of these isolates, 106 (22.6%) were found to be resistant to 1 or both antibiotics. Of the resistant isolates, 74 isolates (69.8%) were resistant to isoniazid (INH) only, while 1 isolate (0.94%) was resistant to RIF only. Notably, 31 isolates (29.2%) were resistant to both antibiotics. Of the 41 phenotypically INH-resistant isolates, 19 (46.3%) had the Ser315Thr mutation. There were 8 different rpoB mutations in 22 (68.8%) of the RIF-resistant isolates. The most frequently detected mutations were at codons 531 (37.5%), 526 (18.8%), and 516 (6.3%). Conclusion To help prevent new cases of DR-TB in Vietnam, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the genotypic DR-TB isolates