Synthesis and reactivity of 4-(trifluoromethyl)azetidin-2-ones

Because of the beneficial effect of a trifluoromethyl group on the biological properties of bioactive compounds on the one hand and the versatile synthetic potential of beta-lactams on the other hand, 4-CF3-beta-lactams comprises interesting entities for the preparation of a large variety of CF3-substituted nitrogen-containing target structures with promising biological characteristics. In this review, we present an overview of different building block approach-based routes toward the synthesis of 4-(trifluoromethyl)azetidin-2-ones and the application of the "beta-lactam synthon method" for the synthesis of a diverse set of (a)cyclic CF3-substituted molecules by means of ring-opening and ring-transformation reactions

STATE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS ON MARINE RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT OF SOME COUNTRIES: EXPERIENCE FOR VIETNAM

The state management institution for marine and island resources and environment plays a very important role. It guides, regulates, and protects marine and island resources. This state management institution aims to protect national interests, ensure sustainable economic development activities, and protect the environment and national security. The objective of the study is to find experiences in building state management institutions for marine and island resources and the environment of some countries in the world, including Japan, Korea, China, Philippines, and Australia. The study analyzed the management models, organizational structures, policies, and legal tools that these countries use to sustainably manage marine resources. The study proposed a model for Vietnam. It emphasized the importance of building an effective marine management institution, the need for coordination between state agencies, and the participation of the community and businesses. In addition, the article also recommends that Vietnam needs to improve the legal and policy framework, strengthen the management capacity of state agencies, and promote international cooperation in this field.  Article visualizations