Training Requirements to Enable Transport Planners, Engineers and Operators to Respond to the Challenge of Legislative Change

This Working Paper forms the basis of the Final Report submitted to the Manpower Services Commission at the conclusion of an I.T.S. study into how the training requirements of transport professionals in the Yorkshire and Humberside region, may change as a result of the 1985 Transport Act and the 1985 Local Government Act. The project formed part of the Department of Education and Science PICKUP PROGRAM (Professional, Industrial and Commercial Updating) and covered the period 1 October 1985 to 30 November 1986

Pedestrian Amenity: On Street Survey Design

Any new road, road improvement or traffic management scheme could affect pedestrian journeys in its locality or elsewhere. Some journeys may be affected directly, with severance caused where the new road or road improvement cuts across a pedestrian route, others may be affected indirectly with a new road causing changes in traffic levels elsewhere. To enable effects on pedestrians to be given proper weight when decisions are taken, techniques are required that forecast the effects of the scheme on the number and quality of pedestrian journeys. This is particularly true in urban areas, since effects on pedestrians may be one of the main benefits or disbenefits of measures to relieve urban traffic. (Continues..

The Effects of Parking Control on Destination Choice – Pilot Studies

The aim of the project has been to develop a methodology to study the process of destinatiom choice resulting fron changes in parking control. A number of alternative approaches have keen utilised such as 'before' and 'after' interviews and/or questionnaires using stated preference techniques. These techniques have been piloted in free standing towns in the North of England here parking policy change has been identified as a possibility. Further study may be possible at these sites aver a period of time using panel techniques

The Relationship Between Pedestrian’s Assessment of Street Environments and Physical Conditions

1.1.1 Any new road, road improvement or traffic management scheme could affect pedestrian journeys in its locality or elsewhere. Some journeys may be affected directly, with severance caused where the new road or road improvement cuts across a pedestrian route, others may be affected indirectly with a new road causing changes in traffic levels elsewhere. To enable effects on pedestrians to be given proper weight when decisions are taken, techniques are required that forecast the effects of the scheme on the number and quality of pedestrian journeys. This is particularly true in urban areas, since effects on pedestrians may be one of the main benefits or disbenefits of measures to relieve urban traffic. (Continues..

Studies of Pedestrian Amenity.

This report, produced for the Transport and Road Research Laboratory, summarises the results of an extensive literature search in two areas of pedestrian research: (I) Estimating the Number of Pedestrian Journeys (2) Pedestrian Amenity The report identifies gaps in current knowledge from the revealed literature and makes recommendations for best practice. Research proposals are made, to help alleviate such revealed gaps, in a companion report

The Influence of Town Centre Conditions on Pedestrian Trip Behaviour: Results from a Household Survey in Two Locations

1.1.1 Any new road, road improvement or traffic management scheme could affect pedestrian journeys in its locality or elsewhere. Some journeys may be affected directly, with severance caused where the new road or road improvement cuts across a pedestrian route, others may be affected indirectly with a new road causing changes in traffic levels elsewhere. To enable effects on pedestrians to be given proper weight when decisions are taken, techniques are required that forecast the effects of the scheme on the number and quality of pedestrian journeys. This is particularly true in urban areas, since effects on pedestrians may be one of the main benefits or disbenefits of measures to relieve urban traffic. (Continues..

Pedestrian Amenity: On Street Survey Design

Any new road, road improvement or traffic management scheme could affect pedestrian journeys in its locality or elsewhere. Some journeys may be affected directly, with severance caused where the new road or road improvement cuts across a pedestrian route, others may be affected indirectly with a new road causing changes in traffic levels elsewhere. To enable effects on pedestrians to be given proper weight when decisions are taken, techniques are required that forecast the effects of the scheme on the number and quality of pedestrian journeys. This is particularly true in urban areas, since effects on pedestrians may be one of the main benefits or disbenefits of measures to relieve urban traffic. (Continues..

Counting Methods and Sampling Strategies Determining Pedestrian Numbers

1.1.1 Any new road, road improvement or traffic management scheme could affect pedestrian journeys in its locality or elsewhere. Some journeys may be affected directly, with severance caused where the new road or road improvement cuts across a pedestrian route, others may be affected indirectly with a new road causing changes in traffic levels elsewhere. To enable effects on pedestrians to be given proper weight when decisions are taken, techniques are required that forecast the effects of the scheme on the number and quality of pedestrian journeys. This is particularly true in urban areas, since effects on pedestrians may be one of the main benefits or disbenefits of measures to relieve urban traffic. (Continues..

The Design and Conduct of Park and Visit and Vehicle Following Surveys.

The report assesses the -development and potential of two individual survey techniques; the Park and Visit and the Vehicle Following surveys. The Park and Visit Survey has its origins in work conducted by Inwood for TRRL in 1966 and is primarily concerned with ease of access effects in terms of search and search plus walk times, when Looking for a parking space. The Vehicle Following surveys, used extensively hy Wright (1975), relate to the degree of searching and hence more directly to the route choice and congestion related effects of parking in city centres. Both surveys can be budgeted at a fairly Low cost and involve the use of small survey teams, over a short period of time. Yet each survey is robust in nature and yields information of a behavioural nature largely omitted from conventional parking usage data collection

The Effects of Wheel Clamps in Central London: Comparison of Before and After Studies.

This Report compares the results of the Before and After studies of some effects of the introduction of wheel clamps in Central London. Park and Visit and Vehicle Following studies were carried out in both cases, with Registration Number and Business Interview surveys taking place in the Before study only. The two areas of Central London which were studied comprised an area of Mayfair in which wheel clamps were to be introduced, and an area of Bloomsbury in which they were not. The surveys were designed to identify changes related to congestion and ease of access effects and so complement a series of surveys conducted by consultants for TRRL. The report describes each survey methodology, and presents the results of the Park and Visit and Vehicle Following surveys. A significant reduction in journey times is identified in Bloomsbury but not in Mayfair. However, the confidence intervals for Mayfair were too wide to determine whether the change in travel times in Bloomsbury was significantly different from the change in Mayfair. Significant reductions in search time are recorded in both areas, and a significant reduction in search plus walk time in Bloomsbury. An increase in empty meter spaces is identified in Mayfair and these findings from the Park and Visit surveys are supported by evidence from the Vehicle Following survey which suggests a drop in the degree of searching for meter spaces in Mayfair. Note: Further details of the survey are to be found in the associated technical note to this report (May et al, 1984b) and the individual reports on the Park and Visit and Vehicle Following surveys (May et al, 1984a)