Analysis of the Possibilities for Improving the Environmental Legislation of Kazakhstan

The study describes the results of a study of environmental problems that limit socio-economic development in Kazakhstan. Changes in legislation, management decisions, and strengthening of control over compliance with environmental standards are proposed. The article examines the gaps in the legislative regulation of environmental safety and the policy at the national level. The recommendations outlined in the research will create conditions for ensuring a higher level of environmental protection, introduce a more effective system for the prevention and control of pollution and waste management, which will inevitably lead to a significant step-by-step improvement in the quality of the environment in the medium and long term, and as a result - to reduce the levels of morbidity and mortality, loss and decrease in the working capacity of the population caused by environmental pollution. Such positive social consequences will help reduce the losses in GDP associated with the above factors

Unloading the Judicial System in Kazakhstan? Alternative Ways of Resolving Individual Labour Disputes

The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for the modernization of the judicial form of protection of social and labour rights and interests of the individual. We are testing the hypothesis about the priority and universality of the judicial form of protection of rights in relation to other ways of applying for the restoration of violated labour interests; we assess access to justice as a criterion for the effectiveness of the judicial form of protection. The main method is a desk study of law enforcement practice, reports related to the functioning in Kazakhstan of a judicial form of protection of the social and labour rights of an individual, also the method of analysis of documents and statistical data of courts, a survey of examples of the best foreign practice in the work of specialized courts, and an analysis of international universal standards of access to justice in social and labour disputes

Преимущества специализации судов по социальным и трудовым спорам

There are no comparative studies of judicial specialization concerning Kazakhstani practice, and the methodology for assessing its specific advantages and disadvantages has not been developed. After a few remarks on the advantages and disadvantages of judicial specialization, this manuscript takes a detailed look at the state of the problem in Kazakhstan, where the announced reforms indicate a new trend in favor of the creation of new specialized courts. It is concluded that specialization indicates the development and functionality of the judicial system of the state. Specialization is both the basis for building the country’s judicial system and an important means of its dynamic progressive development. At the same time, judicial specialization should be approached with extreme caution, always evaluating its implementation from different angles and in the light of all the possible side effects that it may have on the proper administration of justice, as well as on the core purposes and values of the judiciary. The paper highlights the factors that make up the argument for the creation of social and labor courts in Kazakhstan. We also argue that the basis for the creation of specialized social and labor courts in Kazakhstan might be something more than just increasing the competence and efficiency of the court; this signals a step towards making decisions focused on the qualitative resolution of social and labor conflicts that have the potential danger of influencing the stability of statehoodОтсутствуют сравнительные исследования судебной специализации в практике Казахстана, методология оценки ее преимуществ и недостатков также не была разработана. В статье подробно рассмотрена данная проблема в стране, где объявленные реформы предполагают создание новых специализированных судов. Сделан вывод, что специализация влияет на развитие и функциональность судебной системы государства, будучи ее основой и важным средством динамичного поступательного развития. В то же время введение судебной специализации требует осторожности и оценки с разных точек зрения. В статье приведены аргументы в пользу создания социальных и трудовых судов в Казахстане. Мы также утверждаем, что такое решение может дать больше, чем просто повышение компетентности и эффективности суда. Это шаг на пути к качественному разрешению социальных и трудовых конфликтов, которые могут быть потенциально опасны для государственной стабильност