Computer analysis of glioma gene network structure

Computer analysis of disease susceptibility genes using online bioinformatics tools and open databases allows the identification of potential target genes for therapy. In the course of this study we reconstructed the gene network for genes associated with glioma. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Gliomas originate from glial cells that support and protect nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Despite surgical removal, gliomas are still prone to recurrence because they grow rapidly in the brain, are resistant to chemotherapy, and are very aggressive (Byun Y.H. et al, 2022). The task was to collect a list of glioma genes, analyze gene ontologies, reconstruct the gene network, and analyze the spatial structures of the associated proteins. The following online bioinformatics tools were used: STRING-DB (https://string-db.org/) for gene network construction, MalaCards (https://www.malacards.org/), OMIM database (https://omim.org/). The search was performed using the keyword “glioma”. AlphaFold (https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/), PDB (https://www.rcsb.org/) resources were used to model and visualize 3D protein structures. PANTER (http://www.pantherdb.org/) and DAVID (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/summary.jsp) resources were used to analyze gene ontologies. The list of genes for analysis consisted of 176 genes. The most significant categories for glioma genes according to DAVID are: binding of identical proteins, negative regulation of biological processes, regulation of programmed cell death, regulation of cell death, and cell population proliferation. The gene network was reconstructed using the STRING-DB resource (https://string-db. org/). MicroRNA genes were not recognized by the program. The graph included 150 genes. The study of the gene network structure showed high connectivity of genes within certain clusters. The EGFR and TP53 genes, which are known and well-studied oncogenes, had the greatest number of connections, as well as STAT3, KRAS, PIK3CA, IDH1, KDR. Construction of the glioma gene network showed that some elements of the graph are sufficiently linked, while others are only partially linked so that the search for target proteins for glioma treatment can be facilitated. Three-dimensional structures of KRAS and PIK3CA proteins were constructed using AlphaFold software (https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/). PAE viewer (http://www.subtiwiki. uni-goettingen.de/v4/paeViewerDemo) was used to check the validity of the predicted protein structure. The structure of KRAS protein was found to be similar to that of 7ROV protein obtained from PDB (https://www.rcsb.org/) and the structure of PIK3CA protein was found to be similar to that of 4YKN protein.Book of abstract: 4th Belgrade Bioinformatics Conference, June 19-23, 202

HET-CAM test in evaluation of irritating action of adhesives used in shoe making industry.

The global tendency of the contemporary scientific studies is using alternative biologic models as substitutes of experimental animals. HET-CAM (The Hen's Egg Test on the Chorioallantoie Membrane Assay) is an alternative to in vivo tests involving experimental animals. This test is actively used in different biomedical studies. The aim of our work was to study the irritating potential of adhesives used in shoe making industry in experimental setting using the alternative HET-CAM method. Polyurethane, polychloroprene, rubber and styrene-butadiene adhesives that are widely used in shoe-making industry were studied . HET-CAM test was used for the evaluation of the irritating action of the aforementioned adhesives. All adhesives were applied directly onto the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos with reactions and changes (hemorrhages, vascular lysis and coagulation) observed and registered in 30, 120 and 300 seconds after the application of the adhesive. Irritating potential of the adhesives was evaluated according to a calculated irritating index. The most pronounced signs of irritating action were caused by polyurethane adhesives, namely hemorrhages and coagulation (30 sec) – two-component adhesive and hemorrhages (30 sec) and coagulation (120-300 sec) – one-component adhesive. Vascular reactions from application of styrene-butadiene adhesives manifested predominantly with lysis and hemorrhages (30 sec), in some samples these reactions were observed at a later time-point (120-300 sec). Irritating action of rubber adhesives manifested mostly with hemorrhages (30 sec), one observation showed lysis (120 sec). Polychloroprene adhesive caused hemorrhages (30-120 sec) and also lysis (30 sec) in one of the samples. According to the irritating index, polyurethane (one- and two-component) and styrene-butadiene adhesives were estimated to be strong irritants, while rubber and polychloroprene ones cause moderate irritating action. НЕТ-САМ test can be used as a component in the evaluation of evidence of irritating action of shoe adhesives

Медицина 5П: прецизионный сахарный диабет

Thanks to the approaches of precision medicine, great strides have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus, taking into account the individual characteristics of each patient or subgroups for monogenic subtypes of diabetes and newborn diabetes. For monogenic diabetes, molecular genetics can identify discrete etiological subtypes, the manifestation of which has profound implications for treatment, and predict the further development of concomitant clinical signs that allow early prophylaxis or supportive therapy. In contrast, second-type diabetes mellitus has a polygenic nature, which makes it difficult to define discrete clinical subtypes. The implementation of the approaches of precision medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus will allow a targeted selection of drug therapy. This review shows the successful use of precision medicine in monogenic diabetes and the possibilities of this approach to solving problems in diabetes of the second type.Благодаря подходам прецизионной медицины достигнуты большие успехи в диагностике и лечении сахарного диабета с учетом индивидуальных особенностей каждого пациента или подгрупп для моногенных подтипов диабета, диабета новорожденных. Для моногенного диабета молекулярная генетика может определить дискретные этиологические подтипы, выявление которых имеет глубокие последствия для лечения, и прогнозировать дальнейшее развитие сопутствующих клинических признаков, что позволяет проводить раннюю профилактику или поддерживающую терапию. В противоположность этому сахарный диабет второго типа имеет полигенную природу, что делает затруднительным определение дискретных клинических подтипов. Реализация подходов прецизионной медицины в диагностике и лечении сахарного диабета позволит проводить целенаправленный подбор лекарственной терапии. В настоящем обзоре показаны успешное применение прецизионной медицины в моногенном диабете и возможности указанного подхода к решению проблем при сахарном диабете второго типа