Transformations of WW-Type Entangled States

The transformations of $W$-type entangled states by using local operations assisted with classical communication are investigated. For this purpose, a parametrization of the $W$-type states which remains invariant under local unitary transformations is proposed and a complete characterization of the local operations carried out by a single party is given. These are used for deriving the necessary and sufficient conditions for deterministic transformations. A convenient upper bound for the maximum probability of distillation of arbitrary target states is also found.Comment: 7 page

On the Geometric Measures of Entanglement

The geometric measure of entanglement, which expresses the minimum distance to product states, has been generalized to distances to sets that remain invariant under the stochastic reducibility relation. For each such set, an associated entanglement monotone can be defined. The explicit analytical forms of these measures are obtained for bipartite entangled states. Moreover, the three qubit case is discussed and argued that the distance to the W states is a new monotone.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figures, minor content change, references added, 1 figure adde

Poisson Algebra of Wilson Loops in Four-Dimensional Yang-Mills Theory

We formulate the canonical structure of Yang--Mills theory in terms of Poisson brackets of gauge invariant observables analogous to Wilson loops. This algebra is non--trivial and tractable in a light--cone formulation. For U(N) gauge theories the result is a Lie algebra while for SU(N) gauge theories it is a quadratic algebra. We also study the identities satsfied by the gauge invariant observables. We suggest that the phase space of a Yang--Mills theory is a co--adjoint orbit of our Poisson algebra; some partial results in this direction are obtained.Comment: 32 Pages, 7 figures upon reques

Geometric Quantization and Two Dimensional QCD

In this article, we will discuss geometric quantization of 2d QCD with fermionic and bosonic matter fields. We identify the respective large-N_c phase spaces as the infinite dimensional Grassmannian and the infinite dimensional Disc. The Hamiltonians are quadratic functions, and the resulting equations of motion for these classical systems are nonlinear. In a previous publication, the first author has shown that the linearization of the equations of motion for the Grassmannian gave the `t Hooft equation. We will see that the linearization in the bosonic case leads to the scalar analog of the `t Hooft equation found by Tomaras.Comment: 46 pages, Latex, no figure

Deterministic Transformations of Multipartite Entangled States with Tensor Rank 2

Transformations involving only local operations assisted with classical communication are investigated for multipartite entangled pure states having tensor rank 2. All necessary and sufficient conditions for the possibility of deterministically converting truly multipartite, rank-2 states into each other are given. Furthermore, a chain of local operations that successfully achieves the transformation has been identified for all allowed transformations. The identified chains have two nice features: (1) each party needs to carry out at most one local operation and (2) all of these local operations are also deterministic transformations by themselves. Finally, it is found that there are disjoint classes of states, all of which can be identified by a single real parameter, which remain invariant under deterministic transformations.Comment: 27 pages, 1 figure; added new references and improved the presentatio

Relations between Entropies Produced in Nondeterministic Thermodynamic Processes

Landauer's erasure principle is generalized to nondeterministic processes on systems having an arbitrary number of non-symmetrical logical states. The condition that the process is applied in the same way, irrespective of the initial logical state, imposes some restrictions on the individual heat exchanges associated with each possible transition. The complete set of such restrictions are derived by a statistical analysis of the phase-space flow induced by the process. Landauer's erasure principle can be derived from and is a special case of these.Comment: 12 pages with one figure; a final major revision in presentation; physical assumptions are clarified no