A Pre-Merger Stage Galaxy Cluster: Abell 3733

The galaxy cluster Abell 3733 (A3733) is a very suitable candidate in addressing dynamical processes throughout galaxy cluster mergers. This study shows structural analysis results of A3733 (z = 0.038) based on X-ray and optical data. According to X-ray luminosity map, A3733 hosts two sub-structures separated in the sky by $\sim$ 0.25 Mpc, and the two distinct clumps are located in the East (A3733E) and the West (A3733W) directions. Both sub-structures are centred on two different brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), and the X-ray and optical centroids of both BCGs substantially coincide with each other. The intracluster medium (ICM) temperatures of the sub-structures are estimated to be 2.79 keV for A3733E and 3.28 keV for A3733W. Both sub-structures are found to be hosting cool central gas (kT $\sim$ 1.5-2.5 keV) surrounded by hotter gas (kT $\sim$ 3.0-3.5 keV). Besides, the X-ray concentration parameters are found to be c $\sim$ 0.3 for each sub-structure. These results indicate the existence of cool centres for both sub-structures. The optical density map reveals a crowded galaxy population within the vicinity of A3733W. The high probable (% 88.2) dynamical binding model of A3733 suggests that the cores of sub-structures have a 3D separation of 0.27 Mpc and will collide in 0.14 Gyr with the relative in-falling velocity of 1936 km s$^{-1}$. As a conclusion, this study demonstrates some evidence suggesting that the A3733 system is in the pre-merger state.Comment: 9 pages, 7 Figures, published by MNRA

The Real Time Implementation of a Chaotic System’s Synchronization for Secure Communication

The chaotic systems are preferred in secure communication systems as well as used in many different implementation areas. Real time chaos synchronization is also required for secure communication systems. In this study, the Master–Slave synchronization of chaotic Chen system was performed on a real time implementation for the secure communication systems. Active control method was used in the design of controller required for the realization of synchronization. The successful realization of the Master-Slave synchronization of the Chen system by using the controller designed on MATLAB/Simulink was shown by the obtained simulation results. Moreover, by using analogue outputs of NI-DAQ card, the Master-Slave synchronization of the Chen system was obtained and secure communication was achieved on a real time basis under LabVIEW environment

Tartışmalı Konuların Öğretiminin Sınıf Eğitimi Alanına Yansımaları

In this study, it is aimed to determine the opinions and practices of the teacher candidates educated on Classroom Education, academicians working in the Department of Classroom Education, and primary school teachers on the controversial subjects in the teaching-learning process. The research is patterned from qualitative research approaches through a case study. The study carried out in the spring semester of the 2018-2019 academic year included 29 students studying in the third grade of the Faculty of Education at three different public universities, 15 classroom teachers working at schools affiliated to the Ministry of Education, and 5 Ph.D. academicians within classroom education In the study, the data were collected by semi-structured interview forms, and the obtained data were analyzed by the thematic presentation of certain codes and categories. When the findings of the research are examined, it is seen that the information, culture (respect, conflict), and environment codes related to the importance of the culture of discussion are frequently expressed. The findings are remarkable in that the acquisition of necessary and sufficient knowledge related to the discussion culture encourages individuals to conduct the discussion process with different individuals or platforms in a healthy way. The style used in the efficiency of the discussion process, the acceptance of different ideas with respect and the ability to listen effectively are vital. The findings that positive school and classroom climate, which expresses the existence of suitable environments where controversial issues can be discussed, contributes to the development of respect-based attitudes and behaviors among individuals, are also very important. Academics and teachers are responsible for creating ideal discussion environments. Moreover, the formation of positive thoughts on controversial issues should not be overlooked to encourage the expression of scientific, fair, and democratic ideas. Both academics and teachers should be a model for their students by ensuring correct communication with students. Participants in the teaching of controversial issues have some concerns and worries caused by pressure. Legal arrangements can be made to eliminate these situations.Bu araştırmada sınıf öğretmenliği eğitimi öğretmen adayları, Sınıf Eğitimi Anabilim Dalında görev yapan akademisyenler ve sınıf öğretmenlerinin tartışmalı konulara ilişkin öğretme-öğrenme sürecinde edindikleri deneyim ve pratiklere yönelik düşüncelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından durum çalışmasıyla desenlenmiştir. 2018–2019 öğretim yılı bahar döneminde yürütülen çalışmada üç farklı devlet üniversitesinin Eğitim Fakültesi sınıf öğretmenliği bölümü üçüncü sınıfında öğrenim görmekte olan 29 öğrenci, MEB’e bağlı okullarda görev yapan 15 sınıf öğretmeni ve Sınıf Eğitimi doktoralı 5 akademisyen yer almıştır. Araştırmada veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları ile toplanarak, elde edilen veriler belirli kod ve kategorilerin tematik sunumu ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları incelendiğinde, tartışma kültürünün önemine ilişkin bilgi, kültür (saygı, çatışma) ve ortam kodlarının sıklıkla ifade edildiği görülmektedir. Tartışma kültürüne ilişkin gerekli ve yeterli bilginin ediniminin, bireylerin farklı bireylerle ya da platformlarda tartışma sürecini sağlıklı bir şekilde yürütmeye özendirdiğine ilişkin bulgular dikkat çekicidir. Tartışma sürecinin verimliliğinde kullanılan üslup, farklı fikirlerin saygıyla kabulü ve etkin dinleme yeteneği hayatidir. Tartışmalı konuların tartışılabileceği uygun ortamların varlığını ifade eden olumlu okul ve sınıf iklimi bireyler arasında saygıya dayalı tutum ve davranışların gelişimine katkıda bulunduğuna ilişkin bulgular da oldukça önemlidir. Akademisyenler ve öğretmenler, ideal tartışma ortamlarının oluşturulmasından sorumludur. Ayrıca tartışmalı konulara ilişkin pozitif düşüncelerin oluşturulması, bilimsel, adil ve demokratik fikirlerin ifade edilmesini özendirmeyi de gözden kaçırmamalıdır. Gerek akademisyenler gerekse öğretmenler öğrencilerle olan iletişimi doğru bir şekilde sağlayarak öğrencilerine model olmalıdırlar. Tartışmalı konuların öğretiminde katılımcılar baskıdan kaynaklı birtakım kaygı ve endişeler taşımaktadırlar. Bu durumların ortadan kaldırılması için yasal düzenlemeler yapılabilir

The impact of admission red cell distribution width on long-term cardiovascular events after primary percutaneous intervention: A four-year prospective study

Background: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an indicator of erythrocyte in different size, and its prognostic value has been demonstrated in numerous cardiac and non-cardiac diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of RDW on the long- -term cardiovascular events in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Ninety-six consecutive patients (mean age 60.6 ± 12.5 years, 77.1% male) with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), who were treated with primary PCI, were analyzed prospectively. Baseline RDW and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. The patients were followed up for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) for up to 48 months after discharge. Results: There were 30 patients with long-term MACE (Group 1) and 66 patients without long-term MACE (Group 2). Age, admission RDW, hs-CRP and creatine kinase-MB levels, heart rate after PCI, previously used angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, left anterior descending artery lesion, and electrocardiographic no-reflow were higher in Group 1. Admission hemoglobin levels were lower in Group 1. An RDW level ≥ 13.85% measured on admission had 80% sensitivity and 64% specificity in predicting long-term MACE on receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. In multivariate analyses, only admission RDW (HR 5.26, < 95% CI 1.71–16.10; p = 0.004) was an independent predictor of long-term MACE. Conclusions: A high baseline RDW value in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI is independently associated with increased risk for long term MACE

Is routine echocardiography necessary after catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia?

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether pericardial effusion (PE) detected by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was clinically significant and whether routine echocardiography was necessary after catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Methods: A total of 202 patients with AVNRT were included in the study from three centers. The patients received basic electrophysiology-guided therapy, followed by radiofrequency ablation (RFA). All patients underwent TTE before and after RFA therapy. Results: The mean age of the study population was 46.2 ± 17.9 and 30.7% of the patients were male. Of these patients, six (3%) had postoperative PE, as detected by TTE. However, none of them had cardiac tamponade (CT). Four patients had minimal PE, while two had mild PE. Repeated TTE at one to three months showed resolved PE. No significant difference was seen among the patients with and/or without PE in terms of age, gender, the number of RFA applications, or RFA duration; however, significantly prolonged duration of fluoroscopy exposure was observed in the patients with PE. Conclusions: PE was detected in 3% of the patients by TTE and associated with prolonged duration of fluoroscopy exposure. However, no patients with moderate or large PE or cardiac tamponade were found in the study. In conclusion, we suggest that TTE should only be performed in the presence of clinical indications following ablation of AVNRT

GÜMÜŞLER (DENİZLİ) YERLEŞİM ALANININ JEOLOJİK-JEOTEKNİK ÖZELLİKLERİ

Gümüşler Municipality settlement area is located at the northwest of the Denizli city center in Aegean Region. Denizli and its neighboring area are in an active seismic region. The study area, is 18 km2, has a morphology that is developed under the extension tectonics. There are two types of units in the investigation area which are Neogene and Quaternary aged ones. pH values, sulphate and magnesium content of the water samples in the study area 6.5-7, 150-200 mg/lt and 75-100 mg/lt respectively. It demonstrates that they can be used for concrete production. The studies show that liquid limit is between 14 % and 52 % and plasticity index ranges from 1 % to 24 %. Menard pressuremeter results suggest that ultimate bearing capacity of soils varies in a wide range that is between 120 kPa and 4600 kPa. Menard Elastic Modulus of the tested samples varies from 6.7 to 316.7 MPa. Internal friction angle (φ) and cohesion (c) of the soils are 13°-40° and 1-3 kPa respectively.Gümüşler Beldesi, Denizli şehir merkezinin kuzeybatı kısmındadır. Denizli ve çevresi sismik olarak aktif bir bölgede yer alır. İnceleme alanı, yaklaşık 18 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip olup genişleme tektoniğine bağlı bir morfoloji sunmaktadır. Gümüşler (Denizli) yerleşim alanında Neojen ve Kuvaterner olarak yaşlandırılan iki farklı birim gözlenmektedir. İnceleme alanındaki suların pH değerleri 6,5–7, sülfat içerikleri 150–200 mg/lt ve magnezyum içerikleri 75–100 mg/lt arasında değişmektedir. Elde edilen değerler betona uygunluk açısından kabul edilebilir sınırlar arasındadır. İnceleme alanındaki birimlerin likit limiti % 14–52 ve plastisite indisi % 1–24 arasında bulunmuştur. Menard Presiyometre cihazı kullanılarak elde edilen nihai taşıma gücü 120 kPa–4600 kPa, Menard Elastisite Modülü 6,7–316,7 MPa arasında değişmektedir. İçsel sürtünme açısı (φ) 13º-40º ve kohezyon (c) değeri genel olarak 1–3 kPa arasındadır

Increased mean platelet volume associated with extent of slow coronary flow

Background: Slow coronary flow (SCF) is characterized by delayed opacification of epicardial coronary vessels. SCF can cause ischemia and sudden cardiac death. We investigated the association between presence and extent of SCF, and cardiovascular risk factors and hematologic indices. Methods: In this study, 2467 patients who received coronary angiography for suspected or known ischemic heart disease were retrospectively evaluated between April 2009 and November 2010. Following the application of exclusion criteria, our study population consisted of 57 SCF patients (experimental group) and 90 patients with age- and gender-matched subjects who proved to have normal coronary angiograms (control group). Baseline hematologic indices were measured by the automated complete blood count (CBC) analysis. The groups were evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors and medications. Patients were categorized based on the angiographic findings of vessels with or without SCF. Moreover, patients with SCF were divided into subgroups relative to the extent of SCF. Results: Among the 147 patients (mean age 52.7 ± 10.0, 53.7% male), mean platelet volume (MPV) ranged from 6.5 fL to 11.7 fL (median 7.9 fL, mean 8.1 ± 0.8 fL). Diabetes (OR = 3.64, 95% CI 1.15–10.43, p = 0.03), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 4.94, 95% CI 1.99–12.21, p = 0.001), smoking (OR = 3.54, 95% CI 1.43–8.72, p = 0.006), hemoglobin (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.22–2.36, p = 0.002), and MPV (OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.43–4.44, p = 0.001) were found to be the independent correlates of SCF presence. Only MPV (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.05–4.33, p = 0.03) was identified as an independent correlate of extent of SCF. Conclusions: Elevated baseline MPV value was found to be an independent predictor of the presence and extent of SCF

Predictive value of admission red cell distribution width-platelet ratio for no-reflow phenomenon in acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Background: The red cell distribution width–platelet ratio (RPR), a novel inflammatory marker is currently used to predict inflammation in chronic diseases. It may be associated with adverse outcomes among artery disease but its prognostic value in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been fully investigated. There is no data regarding the association between RPR and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). This study evaluated the relations between pre-procedural RPR and the in-hospital and long-term outcomes in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. Methods: This study included 580 STEMI patients (77% men, mean age: 59 ± 12 years). The patients were divided into two groups according to thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grades after primary PCI. No-reflow was defined as a post-PCI TIMI flow grade of 0, 1 or 2 (group 1). Angiographic success was defined as TIMI flow grade 3 (group 2). Results: Whole blood cell count, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages, red cell distribution width, platecrit, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and RPR values were higher among patients with no-reflow. On multivariate analysis, pain to balloon time, multivessel disease, TIMI thrombus grade, tirofiban, aspirin, previous coronary artery disease, NLR, platecrit and RPR remained independent predictors of no-reflow after primary PCI. Patients in no-reflow group tended to be higher percent in-hospital MACE, including nonfatal myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality compared to the reflow patients. Conclusions: Admission NLR, platecrit and RPR are independent correlates of no-reflow and in-hospital MACEs among patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI.

Comparison of Ultrasonography and Cystoscopy in the Evaluation of Hematuria

Objective:Every day, many patients visit hospital due to hematuria. Ultrasonography and/or cystoscopy are performed in the initial evaluation and management. In this study, we compared ultrasonography and cystoscopy in the evaluation of microscopic or macroscopic hematuria.Materials and Methods:A total of 55 patients, who presented to our clinic with the complaint of hematuria between July 2016 and October 2017, were enrolled in this study. After obtaining informed consent, the patients were directed to urinary ultrasonography and cystoscopy for the evaluation of hematuria.Results:Ultrasonography showed 45 (81.8%) normal bladder and 10 (18.2%) masses, and cystoscopy detected 39 (70.9%) normal bladder and 16 (29.1%) masses in the bladder (p=0.001). Ultrasonography was able to report only 8 (50%) of 16 masses detected via cystoscopy. Two (20%) of 10 masses reported by ultrasonography were not confirmed through cystoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in detecting and excluding masses in the bladder were calculated to be 50% and 94.9%, respectively. Ultrasonography failed to detect lesions at the posterior, dome and right side and bladder neck. The cut-off value for blood cell count in urine to refer the patient to a cystoscopy procedure was detected to be 15 with 60% sensitivity and 50% specificity.Conclusion:With low sensitivity, ultrasonography could not offer enough knowledge about the bladder masses as sufficient as cystoscopy