SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS’ AND TEACHER CANDIDATES’ PERCEPTIONS ON PROMPT FEEDBACK AND COMMUNICATE HIGH EXPECTATIONS

This study aims to investigate perception of social studies teachers and teacher candidates on the implication of two of the seven principles of good practice in education developed by Chickering and Gamson (1987) at middle school social studies classrooms. To this extend a survey instrument was used to collect data and address the research questions. The total internal reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.68. The sample of the study consists of 31 Social Studies teachers, 50 second grade and 49 fourth grade Social Studies teacher candidates. The result of the study shows that for principle 4 (prompt feedback) second and fourth grade teacher candidates have more affirmative statements than the teachers, while for principle 6 (communicate high expectations) social studies teachers have more positive statements than 2nd and 4th grade students

Humoral Rejection in Cardiac Transplantation: Management of Antibody-Mediated Rejection

After a successful heart transplantation, fundamental keys to achieve good results in the long term are to establish immunosuppressive therapy in the postoperative period in an appropriate manner and to ensure continuity of follow-ups. Despite the fact that these stages are maintained perfectly, patients may face one or more rejection episodes. T-cell-mediated acute cellular rejection of the cardiac allograft has well-established treatment algorithms, whereas antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is challenging to diagnose, and its treatment varies between centers. Investigators reported that AMR is among the most important factors to improving long-term outcomes. Improved understanding of the roles of acute and chronic AMR has evolved in recent years following a major progress in the technical ability to detect and quantify recipient antihuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody production. Recently, a study of the immunobiology of B cells and plasma cells that pertains to allograft rejection and tolerance has emerged. There are some questions regarding the classification of AMR, the diagnostic approaches, and the treatment strategies for managing. In this chapter, we are discuss the effector mechanisms that are used by antibodies to eliminate antigens and clinical experience about AMR and its treatment with a discussion about the latest articles

Częstość występowania rozejścia mięśni prostych brzucha w populacji młodych wieloródek w Turcji

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with diastasis recti abdominis (DRA). Material and Methods: Between January 2011 and May 2011, we examined 95 patients, aged between 19-24, for the presence of DRA during an ultrasonographic exploration in Mus Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Mus, Turkey. DRA was graded by the number of fingerbreadths between the medial edges of the bellies of the rectus abdominis muscle, 3-4 cm above the umbilicus. The exclusion criteria included urogynecologic problems since childhood, excessive protrusion of the vagina due to loss of support, pregnancy, obesity, less than 6 months postpartum. The relationship between DRA and parity, previous abdominal surgery, pelvic relaxation as well as type of parity was assessed. Results: Positive correlation was found between parity and DRA (r=0.77; pStreszczenie Cel pracy: Ocena częstości występowania i czynników ryzyka rozejścia mięśni prostych brzucha (DRA). Materiał i metody: W okresie od stycznia 2011 do maja 2011 zbadano 95 pacjentek, w wieku 19-24 lat, pod kątem obecności DRA przy pomocy ultrasonografii w Szpitalu Ginekologiczno-Położniczym w Mus w Turcji. DRA klasyfikowano na podstawie liczby palców pomiędzy brzegami mięśnia prostego brzucha, 3-4cm powyżej pępka. Kryteria wykluczenia stanowiły schorzenia uroginekologiczne w dzieciństwie, wypadanie pochwy w związku z utratą podpory, ciążą, otyłością oraz okres do 6 miesięcy od porodu. Oceniano związek pomiędzy DRA a rodnością, rodzajem porodów, poprzednimi operacjami brzusznymi oraz rozluźnieniem miednicy. Wyniki: Znaleziono związek pomiędzy rodnością a DRA (r=0,77;

A 5-year trend of myocardial infarction, hypertension, stroke and diabetes mellitus in gender and different age groups in Erzurum, Turkey

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the trend and risk of coronary artery diseases (CAD), myocardial Infarction (MI), hypertension (HT), stroke, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) as regard to different age groups and gender.MethodsWe retrieved retrospectively almost 5-year data (January 1st 2007 through December 31st 2011) from the Ataturk university hospital that has database registry system based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). We included 88,293 patients in this analysis. A logistic-regression model was used to assess the effect of groups of variables on the associations of interest (sex and its interaction with age) with calculation of odds ratios with their 95 percent confidence intervals.ResultsOut of 88,293 patients, 45% (39,514) were females and mean age was 56.86 ± 16.23. The females were dominant (P = 0.001) in all age groups in diabetes type 2. Whereas in case of hypertension, CAD and strokes except in young age groups males were more prominent. We found that females had high risk 1.54 (95% CI, 1.50–1.59) for diabetes mellitus while for other cardiovascular disease females had lower risk except a slightly high risk for overall CVD (1.01; 95% CI, 0.93–1.09).ConclusionThe results demonstrated that for diabetes type 2 and young age group for other cardiovascular diseases females are dominant and have higher risk

Desferrioxamine Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Lung Contusion

Our hypothesis in this study is that desferrioxamine (DFX) has therapeutic effects on experimental lung contusions in rats. The rats were divided into four groups (n=8): control, control+DFX, contusion, and contusion+DFX. In the control+DFX and contusion+DFX groups, 100 mg/kg DFX was given intraperitoneally once a day just after the contusion and the day after the contusion. Contusions led to a meaningful rise in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in lung tissue. MDA levels in the contusion+DFX group experienced a significant decline. Glutathione levels were significantly lower in the contusion group than in the control group and significantly higher in the contusion+DFX group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the contusion group were significantly lower than those in the control group. In the contusion+DFX group, SOD and GPx levels were significantly higher than those in the contusion group. In light microscopic evaluation, the contusion and contusion+DFX groups showed edema, hemorrhage, alveolar destruction, and leukocyte infiltration. However, histological scoring of the contusion+DFX group was significantly more positive than that of the contusion group. The iNOS staining in the contusion group was significantly more intensive than that in all other groups. DFX reduced iNOS staining significantly in comparison to the contusion group. This study showed that DFX reduced oxidative stress in lung contusions in rats and histopathologically ensured the recovery of the lung tissue

Electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery – a prospective, controlled, clinical study

BACKGROUND: According to some reports, left hemidiaphragmatic paralysis due to phrenic nerve injury may occur following cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to document the effects on phrenic nerve injury of whole body hypothermia, use of ice-slush around the heart and mammary artery harvesting. METHODS: Electrophysiology of phrenic nerves was studied bilaterally in 78 subjects before and three weeks after cardiac or peripheral vascular surgery. In 49 patients, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and heart valve replacement with moderate hypothermic (mean 28°C) cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were performed. In the other 29, CABG with beating heart was performed, or, in several cases, peripheral vascular surgery with normothermia. RESULTS: In all patients, measurements of bilateral phrenic nerve function were within normal limits before surgery. Three weeks after surgery, left phrenic nerve function was absent in five patients in the CPB and hypothermia group (3 in CABG and 2 in valve replacement). No phrenic nerve dysfunction was observed after surgery in the CABG with beating heart (no CPB) or the peripheral vascular groups. Except in the five patients with left phrenic nerve paralysis, mean phrenic nerve conduction latency time (ms) and amplitude (mV) did not differ statistically before and after surgery in either group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that CPB with hypothermia and local ice-slush application around the heart play a role in phrenic nerve injury following cardiac surgery. Furthermore, phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery occurred in 10.2 % of our patients (CABG with CPB plus valve surgery)

The frequency of microscopic and focal active colitis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional bowel disorder. The frequency of microscopic colitis and focal active colitis in the colonic mucosa has been investigated in IBS patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Between June 2007 and September 2010, 378 patients (between 16 and 84 years) were recruited prospectively. Of these 378 patients, 226 patients were diagnosed with IBS using the Rome III criteria. 152 control patients were also enrolled who were undergoing colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening or investigation of anemia. Histopathological abnormalities identified during colonoscopy were compared between the IBS and control groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The average age of the IBS group was 46.13 ± 14.16 years and and the average age of the control group was 57.01 ± 13.07 years. The prevalence of microscopic colitis (MC) in the diarrhea predominant and the mixed subgroup of IBS patients was 4.32% (7/162) whereas in all IBS patients, the prevalence was 3.09% (7/226). MC was not found in the 152 control cases, (p = 0.045). Lymphocytic colitis was seen in 7 IBS patients, with 1 case in the mixed group and 6 cases in the diarrhea group and there was a significant difference in the frequency of lymphocytic colitis between the IBS subgroups (p < 0.01). Focal active colitis was found in 6.6% (15/226) of the IBS patients and in none of the controls (p < 0.01), and there was no differences between IBS subtypes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Microscopic colitis was more often found in the diarrhea predominant/mixed subgroups of IBS patients and in patients who were older women. In patients who are older woman with non-constipated IBS, it may be reasonable to perform a biopsy to screen for microscopic colitis. Focal active colitis was significantly increased in patients with IBS compared to controls.</p

Null Vs. Overt Subjects In Turkish Discourse: A Centering Analysis

The purpose of this study is to explore an aspect of discourse coherence which involves anaphoric relations between utterances with special emphasis on subjects in Turkish. Based on an analysis of published narratives, three complementary and interrelated questions are addressed concerning discourse anaphora: 1. Which expressions are available for subsequent definite reference? 2. What factors determine the most salient entity in Turkish among a set of potential antecedents for subsequent definite reference? 3. What are the functions of a particular referential expression (null vs. overt pronouns vs. full NPs), depending on appropriate discourse conditions? An exploration regarding question 1 indicates that, while some NPs evoke discourse entities, other NPs do not. These two types of NPs represent referential and nonreferential expressions and they can function as ..