Laelia coenosa

Laelia coenosa (HÜBNER 1808) (figs 81-84) Here, we list more precise description and figure some more detailed characters of this species as addendum to papers PATOČKA (1992) and PATOČKA & TURČÁNI (2005). M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d:1 museum Vienna, 1 museum Berlin. P u p a of male: 16.5 5 mm, female 17 6.6 mm. This one medium stout on male and stout on female, rounded anteriorly, prior end more strongly tapering caudad, brown, dark brown on male, exuvia brighter. Movable segments brighter, ochre on caudal part. Sculpture fine, locally scabrous, wrinkled mainly on notum on position of verruca with secondarily setae. Abdominal segments 1-3 with groups of bright clubbed scales in the centre of dorsum, these ones less developed on female. Secondarily setae long, yellowish, present also on postclypeus. Postclypeus of male tubercle-like elevated, labrum round at the end, labrum of female cut-out caudad. Mandibles rather differentiated on male mainly. Labium and maxillae approximately the same in length and these ones conspicuously long, medium narrow. Maxillae of male rounded at the end, slightly more pointed on female. Prothoracic coxae wedge like and rather shorter on male, these ones slightly longer than maxillae on female. Antennae of male wider, round at the end, reaching to approximately of ¾ of forewings length and their ends conceal by each other. Antennae extend far beyond prothoracic coxae. Antennae of female shorter, narrower and reach to approximately half of forewings, these ones separated from each other, their ends not conceal by each other. Prothoracic legs reach to almost ends of mesothoracic legs, these ones join to each other shortly (on female slightly longer). Mesothoracic legs join to (especially on female) long ends of metathoracic legs. Thoracic spiracle slit-like. Metanotum medium deep and rather roundly cut out in obtuse angle, its frontal projections rounded. Anal field large, steeply merges to the base of cremaster. Cremaster of male the same in length, this one of female shorter than wide on base, slightly flattened and tapering dorsoventrally, rounded at the end on male, obtuse on female. Cremaster with secondarily setae on sides and with group of slender fixing hooks at the end. Its surface without more conspicuous sculpture.Published as part of Patočka, J. & Turčáni, M., 2008, Contribution to the Description of Pupae of the Western Palaearctic lymantriids (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae), pp. 901-920 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (1) on page 909, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.542994

Orgyia dubia

Orgyia dubia (TAUSCHER 1806) (figs 46, 51-58) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d:10 from Turkey 1 from France, museum Brussels. P u p a: 9.5-11.5 4.0-4.5 mm, brown to black brown, exuvia brighter ochre brown, glossy, vicinity of spiracles on basal abdominal segments brighter. Sculpture fine at majority, wrinkled locally. Setae on notum and abdomen long, fine, yellowish, undulated close to the ends. Cremaster with richer group of setae than that of O. trigotephras. End of cremaster with rich brush of dense bright brown hooks. Centrum of dorsum of abdominal segments 1-4 with white circle scales on tangs in dorsal view, these ones moreless separated to two groups on each segment. Labrum trapezium-like, its caudal side more-less concave. Labium wide and round caudad, not longer than labrum. Maxillae shorter than labium, rounded caudad, without projection. Prothoracic coxae big, at the beginning slightly, prior half of length strongly tapering and pointed. Prothoracic legs extend beyond them rather shortly. Coxae of mesothoracic legs concealed. Large portion of mesothoracic legs visible, these ones conspicuously separated from ends of metathoracic legs, thus forewings join to each other at relatively long distance. Ends of metathoracic legs tapering anteriorly and pointed. Antennae medium short, not tapering and their ends pointed. Thoracic spiracles relatively big, in shape of slit and dark framed, lobes of metanotum more pointed than that of O. trigotephras, hindwings similar to wings of this species. Abdominal spiracles rather of spindle-like shape, dark. Anal field large and strongly elevated, transition from it to the base of cremaster very steep. Cremaster medium in length and well differentiated, wide on base, tapering, rounded at the end (narrower and more pointly wedge-like in lateral view), without distinctive sculpture. Larva feeds polyphagously on shrubs and semi-shrubs (Fabaceae, Rosaceae): This species occurs in southern and southeastern Europe, northern Africa and Asia Minor.Published as part of Patočka, J. & Turčáni, M., 2008, Contribution to the Description of Pupae of the Western Palaearctic lymantriids (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae), pp. 901-920 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (1) on pages 908-909, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.542994

Orgyia trigotephras BOISDUVAL 1828

Orgyia trigotephras BOISDUVAL 1828 (figs 39-45, 47-50) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d:1, 1 (incomplete) from Turkey. P u p a: 9.5 3.0 mm (male) 15 6.0 mm (female), stout and rounded anteriorly and strongly tapering caudad and pointed. Coloration brown, exuvia brighter, glossy. Sculpture fine at majority. Setae on notum and abdomen fine, long yellowish, not present on head. Central part of abdominal segments 1-4 with white scales on tangs, these ones circle-like in view from above. These scales more-less separated to two groups in centre of dorsum. Cremaster with individual secondarily setae and group (brush) of brown and medium in length setae in shape of hook. Labrum round at the end, semicircle. Labium wide almost as labrum and approximately 2 longer. Maxillae with short and separated pointed lobe at end. These ones the same in width as labial palpi and shorter than labium including palpi. Prothoracic coxae at least 3 longer than labium, with wider base and narrower projections on male. These ones (coxae + femora) slightly cut out on base in centre. Behind them, visible also much smaller and pointed mesothoracic coxae. Antennae of male medium in length, round at the end and tapering, but separated from each other by prothoracic legs, which extend beyond them conspicuously. Not concealed ends of mesothoracic legs extend beyond them conspicuously, but not reach to not concealed ends (relatively long and frontad narrowed) of metathoracic legs. Forewings join to each other shortly. Antennae of female conspicuously shorter than antennae of male, pupa of female bigger and stouter, shells of extremities and appendages missed on examined pupa. Visible part of oculus relatively big. Thoracic spiracle big, slit-like, darkly bordered. Sculptured field bordered by wrinkle present behind it. Metanotum medium deep, pointly round cut-out, its frontal projections round. Not concealed ends of hindwings extend far beyond caudal margin of abdominal segment 3 and these ones visible also on ventral side of pupa. Abdominal spiracles narrow elliptical, dark brown and brightly flanged. Anal field big, elevated, transition from it to the base of cremaster very steep. Cremaster differentiated, long and slender, slightly tapering and slightly round at the end without distinctive sculpture. The end of its dorsal side skewed in lateral view. Larva feeds polyphagously, mainly on broadleaved trees like Quercus, Cistus, Coriaria spp. This species occurs in western Mediterranean (from Italy to west, and also in northwestern Africa) and in Asia Minor.Published as part of Patočka, J. & Turčáni, M., 2008, Contribution to the Description of Pupae of the Western Palaearctic lymantriids (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae), pp. 901-920 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (1) on pages 907-908, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.542994

Calliteara pudibunda

<i>Calliteara pudibunda</i> (LINNAEUS 1758) (figs 21-28, 31-32) <p>After examination of more extensive material, we complete and correct information in PATOČKA (1991) and PATOČKA & TURČÁNI (2005):</p> <p>M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d:5, 5 from Slovakia.</p> <p> P u p a of male: 17-21 5.8-6.2 mm, female: 24-27 7.2-7.7 mm. Pupa of female more stout with slightly shorter antennae, else similar to that of male. Coloration of pupa brown to black-brown, exuvia brighter, glossy, movable abdominal segments glossy also in basal part. Sculpture fine at majority, secondarily setae bright straw yellow and onionlike enlarged and dark (as vicinity) at the base on dorsum of basal abdominal segments. Labrum with slightly tapering and domed sides, this one cut out at caudal side. Labium with more domed sides and slightly more obtuse than that of <i>C. fortunata</i>. Prothoracic coxae visible, these ones tapering and pointed as those in <i>C. fortunata</i>, but longer, thus join to each other at longer distance than prothoracic legs. Mesothoracic legs join to each other at almost the same distance as prothoracic legs and touch to metathoracic legs. Antennae of male and female short, pointed, separated far of each other, their ends extend to the level of ends of prothoracic coxae, slightly shorter on female. Venation of forewings conspicuously indicated like fine longitudinal furrows. Thoracic spiracle in shape of wide slit. Metanotum medium shallow arch-like cut out, its frontal projections wide and obtusely round. Visible part of hindwings extends far beyond caudal margin of abdominal segment 3. Abdominal spiracles elliptical, dark brown with brown yellow frames. Cremaster medium in length, tapering and pointly rounded at the end. This one with fine longitudinally furrows prior end in ventral view, with secondarily setae on sides and dorsal side, and with brush of dark-brown hooks at the end.</p>Published as part of <i>Patočka, J. & Turčáni, M., 2008, Contribution to the Description of Pupae of the Western Palaearctic lymantriids (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae), pp. 901-920 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (1)</i> on page 905, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5429946">10.5281/zenodo.5429946</a&gt

Contribution to the Description of Pupae of the Western Palaearctic lymantriids (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae)

Patočka, J., Turčáni, M. (2008): Contribution to the Description of Pupae of the Western Palaearctic lymantriids (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (1): 901-920, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.542994

Calliteara fortunata

Calliteara fortunata (ROGENHOFER 1891) (figs 1-10) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d:4, 2 from the Canary Islands. P u p a: 18-25 7-9 mm, glossy black brown to black, exuvia brighter, glossy. Labrum, labium, base of antennae and ends of central abdominal segments brighter, ochre or reddish brown. Sculpture fine, without indicated venation on forewings. Secondarily setae long, bright straw yellow. Labrum slightly tapering, trapezium like, cut out on caudal side. Labium enlarged in centre and pointed. Prothoracic coxae adjacent to each other more-less at shorter distance than prothoracic legs, these ones adjacent to each other at distance 2.5-3.5 longer than mesothoracic legs, which join ends of metathoracic legs. Antennae of male concealed by each other behind the ends of prothoracic coxae and these ones rounded at the ends. Antennae of female pointed and conspicuously extend beyond the ends of prothoracic coxae. Thoracic spiracle in shape of wide slit and field separated by wrinkles with different sculpture present behind it. Metanotum shallow arch-like cut-out, its frontal projections short and widely rounded. Visible ends of metathoracic legs do not extend beyond caudal margin of abdominal segment 3. Centres of abdominal segment 1-3 with groups of white almost circle scales on tangs in shape of rhomb. Abdominal spiracles are dark brown with bright brown frames. Cremaster relatively slender, ventrally and dorsally tapering immediately from the base and than with non-tapering sides, pointly rounded at the end. Secondarily setae – hooks are in group only at its end. Surface of cremaster smooth. Cocoon of pupa is overground, soft, bright grey, mixed with secondarily setae of larva. Larva feeds on Pinus canariensis. C. fortunata occurs only at Canary Islands.Published as part of Patočka, J. & Turčáni, M., 2008, Contribution to the Description of Pupae of the Western Palaearctic lymantriids (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae), pp. 901-920 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (1) on pages 903-904, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.542994

Euproctis melania

Euproctis melania (STAUDINGER 1891) (figs 29-30, 33-38, 63) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d:4, 2 from Turkey. P u p a: 12-15 4.3- 5 mm, brown, exuvia brighter, ochre brown. Caudal part of movable abdominal segments ochre yellow. Sculpture medium fine, wrinkly, smooth locally. Secondarily setae relatively short and yellowish concentrated in isolated groups on position of larval verrucae. Hooks on cremaster dark brown and relatively short. Postclypeus with individual setae. Labrum trapezium like, little tapering, its caudal side straight. Labium with domed sides and pointed. Maxillae extend beyond labium and join to each other at the ends. Prothoracic coxae longer than maxillae at least by half. Prothoracic legs join to each other at about 2 shorter distance than prothoracic coxae. Ends of mesothoracic legs join to ends of metathoracic legs, these ones tapering anteriorly. Antennae of male wide and long, widely rounded at the end, concealing majority of mesothoracic legs and extending beyond them, not joining to each other. Antennae of female slightly shorter, narrower and pointed, less concealing mesothoracic legs (fig. 63). Oculi not concealed at majority, without setae, also genae without setae. Thoracic spiracle narrow slit-like. Metanotum shallowly round cut out in obtuse angle, its frontal projections rounded, ends of visible hindwings conspicuously extend beyond caudal margin of abdominal segment 3. Abdominal spiracles narrow elliptical. Cremaster short and wide, narrower and obtusely wedge-like in lateral view, obtuse and more-less concave in ventral and dorsal view, without more conspicuous sculpture. Hooks on it numerous, forming relatively short brush. E. melania occurs in Asia Minor.Published as part of Patočka, J. & Turčáni, M., 2008, Contribution to the Description of Pupae of the Western Palaearctic lymantriids (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae), pp. 901-920 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (1) on pages 905-906, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.542994

Orgyia aurolimbata

Orgyia aurolimbata (QUENÉE 1835) (figs 72-80) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d:1 from France, museum Brussels. P u p a: 12.3 4.0 mm, spindle-like, rounded anteriorly, strongly tapering and pointed caudad. Coloration rust brown, exuvia brighter, locally rust brown yellow. Fuzzy dark brown patterns e.g. on front and clypeus, on sides of labrum, near oculus, between venation of forewings, on legs, on notum, around spiracles, on verrucae and on subventral area of abdomen with setae. Sculpture fine at majority. Secondarily setae, especially numerous on notum and dorsum of abdomen fine, long bright yellow. Dorsum of abdominal segments 1-4 with groups of whitish scales in shape of club. Abdominal spiracles narrow with robust black frames and rims. Ventral part of head without setae. Labrum little tapering, rounded on corners and cut out caudad. Labium approximately 2 longer than labrum, this one barely extend beyond maxillae. These ones very clubbed and rounded to the end. Prothoracic coxae long, at the beginning with parallel margins, than tapering and pointed, these ones slightly shorter than antennae. Prothoracic legs relatively narrow and join to each other at short distance. These ones reach ends of antennae. Mesothoracic legs rather wide, pointed to the end and join to each at other rather long distance, this one shorter than on prothoracic coxae. Wide and round at the end antennae not to come close to each other. Forewings join to each other at longer distance, these ones pointed and their external margin concave. Forewings with conspicuous ribbing. Metathoracic legs concealed on examined pupa. Metanotum medium deep and roundly cut out, its frontal projections also rounded. Anal field narrow, irregular, steeply merges base of cremaster. Cremaster long, slender conical, rounded at the end, this one with fine sculpture. Only its base with individual tiny setae and its end with brush of scale-like, bent, narrow and pointed bright setae. Larva feeds polyphagously on shrub-like growing broadleaf trees and also on herbs. O. aurolimbata occurs in France and Iberian peninsula.Published as part of Patočka, J. & Turčáni, M., 2008, Contribution to the Description of Pupae of the Western Palaearctic lymantriids (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae), pp. 901-920 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (1) on page 907, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.542994

Fine roots of Picea abies compensate for drought stress in the rainfall reduction experiment

This study evaluates the influence of repeated artificial drought stress on the fine root charac- teristics – including ectomycorrhizae – of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst]. The experimental site consisted of two plots in a mature spruce monoculture stand. The water regime at parts of both plots was regulated by shelters and an isolation trench during vegetation season (spring to autumn) since 2010. Root samples were collected during autumn in 2010, 2012, and 2013. Root analyses revealed the effect of drought stress on mycorrhizal root tips changed over time. While a density of active mycorrhizae was about 34% lower in drought-stressed areas compared to nonstressed (control) areas in 2010, it increased by 15% in 2012 and by 22% in 2013 over both plots. We observed the less pronounced effect of drought on a proportion of active mycorrhizae, but it generally followed the pattern of active mycorrhizae density. The density of nonactive mycorrhizae was not influenced by drought but significantly fluctuated during the course of the experiment. Other root characteristics such as the dry mass of fine roots (< 1 mm), the specific length of fine roots (< 1 mm) and the composition of the ectomycorrhizal community (primarily dominated by Amphinema byssoides, Tylospora fibrillosa, Tylopilus felleus, and Cenococcum geophilum) were also not significantly influenced by drought. Our results indicate the ability of Norway spruce fine roots to com- pensate for repeated drought stress of the intermediate intensity

Overview of development of an anti-attractant based technology for spruce protection against Ips typographus: From past failures to future success

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe