16 research outputs found
Temporary Chemical Depilation
Some mankind groups desire the smooth skin without the covering hair forgood touch or clean feeling therefore the unwanted hair removal wasstudied. Temporary chemical depilation employs some chemicals such asthioglycolates that can hydrolyze and break the disulfide bond in cysteineunit of hair keratin. This allows for hair weakness and its easy removal. Theother components of a depilatory formula are surface active agent, binder,alkaline pH adjustor and hair penetrator which are added to promote thedepilatory efficiency. The skin irritation and dark point from remaining hairshould be aware at depilation site. In addition, the hydrogen disulfide gasformation will be occurred. Papain and eflornithine have been reported tobe used for hair removal. The interest of searching is the natural-basedsubstances for hair removal and decrease the hair growth; however there isthe limitation from the instability of most compounds in alkaline environmentduring chemical depilation.Keywords: hair, removal, chemical, temporar
Non-aqueous Emulsion for Pharmaceutical Applications: Part 1 Fundamental and Component
 āļāļāļāļąāļāļĒāđāļ āļāļīāļĄāļąāļĨāļāļąāļāļāļāļīāļāđāļĄāđāļĄāļĩāļāđāļģāđāļāđāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāđāļāđāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļŠāļĄāļāļāļāđāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļāļāļāļīāļ āđāļāđāļ āļāļāļāđāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāļāļīāļāļĄāļĩāļāļąāđāļ§āļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāđāļāđāļāđāļģ-āļāļāļāđāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāļĄāļĩāļāļąāđāļ§ āđāļāļĒāđāļāđāļŠāļēāļĢāļāļīāļĄāļąāļĨāļāļīāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāđāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ āļāļĢāļēāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļāļŠāļ§āļēāļĢāđāļāļĢāļīāļāđāļāđāļāļāļīāđāļāļĄāļĩāļāļāļāļēāļāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļāļāļāļīāļĄāļąāļĨāļāļąāļāļāļāļīāļāđāļĄāđāļĄāļĩāļāđāļģāđāļāđāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļ āļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļŦāļāļķāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļīāļĄāļąāļĨāļāļąāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāđ āļāļ·āļ āļāļąāļ§āļāļģāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļĒāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļąāđāļ§āļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāđāļāđāļāđāļģāļāļ§āļĢāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļģāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļĒāļāļĩāđāļāļĩāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŠāđāļ§āļāļāļĩāđāļāļāļāļāđāļģāļāļāļāđāļĄāđāļĨāļāļļāļĨāļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļāđāļĢāļāļāļķāļāļāļīāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĄāđāđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāļāļāđāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāļāļāļāļāđāļģāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāđāļģāļĄāļąāļ āļāļąāļāļāļąāļĒāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļ§āļĢāļāļģāļāļķāļāļāļķāļ āļāļ·āļ āļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ·āļāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļāđāļĢāļāļāļķāļāļāļīāļ§āļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāđāđāļāļāļāļāđāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāļąāđāļāđāļāđ āđāļāļĒāļĄāļĩāļāđāļāļāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāđāļāļīāļĄ āļāļ·āļ āļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ·āļāļāđāļāđāļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļāđāļĢāļāļāļķāļāļāļīāļ§āļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāđāļĒāļ·āđāļāļāļļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļĒāļ·āđāļāļāļāļāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĒ āļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĄāđāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļāļāļāļīāļĄāļąāļĨāļāļąāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļĒāļāļāļąāđāļāļāļĢāļĩāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļĒāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļāļāļŠāđāļ§āļāļāļŠāļĄ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļīāļĄāļąāļĨāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāđāđāļŦāđāļāļāļāļąāļ§āđāļāđāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļāđāļĢāļāļāļķāļāļāļīāļ§āļāļāļīāļāļāļĨāđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļĨāļīāđāļĄāļāļĢāđāļĢāđāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļāļāđāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļąāđāļ§āđāļāđāđāļĄāđāđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāđāļģāļĄāļąāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāđāđāļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄ āļāļģāļŠāļģāļāļąāļ: āļāļīāļĄāļąāļĨāļāļąāļāļāļāļīāļāđāļĄāđāļĄāļĩāļāđāļģāđāļāđāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļ, āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļĒāļļāļāļāđāļāļēāļāđāļ āļŠāļąāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ, āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļģāļāļąāļ, āļŠāđāļ§āļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļ Abstract Non-aqueous emulsions are prepared by mixing two immiscible liquids such as a non-aqueous polar liquid and a non-polar liquid with emulsifier to stabilize the system. Ostwald ripening plays a critical role in the stability of these non-aqueous emulsions. One of the main factors to develop a non-aqueous emulsion is the choice of non-aqueous polar liquids that should have the ability of a good solvent for the solvophillic part of the surfactant molecules and to make it immiscible with non-polar liquid or oil. The other factor is to select the surfactant having the ability of selective solubility in either of immiscible liquids. In addition, it is necessary to choose the surfactant that will not irritate the mucosa or tissue. This emulsion shows two types of crucial instability including creaming and breaking. The stable non-aqueous emulsions could be prepared by using two block copolymer surfactants and suitable oil-immiscible polar liquid. Keywords: non-aqueous emulsion, pharmaceutical application, fundamental, componen
āļāļĨāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļēāļāļāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļāļāļāļāļĒāļēāđāļāļ§āļāļāļ°āļāļāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāđāļāđāļĄāļāļĢ Mechanistic and Theory of Nanosuspension Physical Stability
āļāļāļāļąāļāļĒāđāļāļĒāļēāđāļāļ§āļāļāļ°āļāļāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāđāļāđāļĄāļāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļģāļŠāđāļāļĒāļēāļāļĩāđāļĄāļąāļāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļēāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļĒāļļāļāļāđāđāļāđāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļĒāļēāļāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļĒāļāđāļģāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĒ āđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāļāļĩāđāđāļĨāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āļāļĩāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļīāļ§āļŠāļđāļāļāļģāđāļŦāđāļĒāļēāđāļāļ§āļāļāļ°āļāļāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāđāļāđāļĄāļāļĢāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĄāđāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļēāļāļāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļ āđāļāđāđāļāđ āļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļ°āļāļāļ āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļēāļ°āļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļ āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāđāļāļĨāļāđāļāļĢāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļĨāļķāļ āļāļķāđāļāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļīāļāļēāļĒāđāļāđāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļāļāļāļāļŠāđāļāļāļŠāđ āļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩ DLVO āđāļĨāļ° Ostwald ripening āļāļķāđāļāļāļēāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđāļāđāļēāļ āđ āļāļąāļāļāļĨāđāļēāļ§āļāļąāđāļ āļāļģāđāļŦāđāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļāļ§āļāļēāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđ āļāļģāļĢāļąāļāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļĒāļēāđāļāļ§āļāļāļ°āļāļāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāđāļāđāļĄāļāļĢāđāļŦāđāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļēāļāļāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļāļāļĩāđāļāļĩ āđāļāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāđāļŦāđāļĄāļĩāļāļāļēāļāđāļĨāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĒāļāļāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļāđāļģ āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļāļēāđāļāđāļāļāļāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļāđāļŦāđāđāļāļĨāđāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļĨāļēāļ āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļīāļĄāļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļāđāļĢāļāļāļķāļāļāļīāļ§āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļŠāļēāļĢāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļāļ·āļāļāļģāļŠāļģāļāļąāļ: āļĒāļēāđāļāļ§āļāļāļ°āļāļāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāđāļāđāļĄāļāļĢ, āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļēāļāļāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļ, āļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļ°āļāļāļ, āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļēāļ°āļāļĨāļļāđāļĄāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļ, āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļāļāļāļāļļāļ āļēāļ,āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāđāļāļĨāļāđāļāļĢāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļĨāļķāļAbstractNanosuspension was usually investigated and developed to apply as thedelivery system of sparingly water soluble drug. With its very small particlesize and high surface free energy, nanosuspension has physical instabilitysuch as sedimentation, agglomeration, crystal growth and change ofcrystalline stage that could be expanded with Stokeâs law, DLVO theoryand Ostwald ripening. All techniques were used as developing approach toformulate and prepare the high stable nanosuspensions by minimizing theparticle size and size distribution, adjusting the density of particle similar tothat of medium, and addition of the stabilizer and viscosity inducing agent.Keywords: nanosuspension, physical stability, sedimentation,agglomeration, crystal growth, change of crystalline stat
āđāļāļĄāļāļēāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļŠāļģāļāļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļĒāļļāļāļāđāđāļāđ Cosmetic Foam and Its Applications
āļāļāļāļąāļāļĒāđāļ āđāļāļĄāļāļēāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļŠāļģāļāļēāļāđāļāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļķāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĒāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļāļāļāđāļŦāļĨāļ§āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļķāđāļāđāļāđāļ āđāļāļĒāđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāđāļāļĢāļđāļāđāļāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļĒāļāļāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļāđāļāđāļāļĄ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļīāļĄāļąāļĨāļāļąāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļŠāđāļ§āļāļāļāļāļāđāļēāļāđāļāļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāļāđāļģāļāļķāđāļāđāļāļīāļāđāļāđāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĄāļāļāļ°āđāļāđāļāļĨāļīāļāļ āļąāļāļāđ āđāļāļĢāļāļŠāļĢāđāļēāļāļāļāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĄāļĄāļĩāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āđāļāđāļāļāļāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŦāļļāđāļĄāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļāļāđāļŦāļĨāļ§ āđāļāļĒāļĄāļĩāļŠāļēāļĢāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļāļĨāļķāļāđāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāļĩāđāļāļīāļ§āļŠāļąāļĄāļāļąāļŠāļāļāļāļŠāļāļāļ§āļąāļāļ āļēāļ āļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļĢāļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļąāļāļāļĨāđāļēāļ§āļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĄ āļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĄāļāļķāđāļāļāļąāļāļāļāļīāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāļāļāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļāđāļāđāļāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļāļŠāļąāļĄāļāļąāļāļāđāļāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļāļ·āļāļāļāļāļāļĨāļīāļāļ āļąāļāļāđ āļŠāļēāļĢāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļāļāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļīāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĄāđāļāđ āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĄāļīāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļāļĨāļīāļāļ āļąāļāļāđāđāļāļĄāļāļēāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļŠāļģāļāļēāļāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĄāļīāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļāļąāļ§āđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļīāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāđāļāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāđāļāđāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļķāđāļāļāļąāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļāļāļāļāļĨāļīāļāļ āļąāļāļāđāļāļĩāđāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĢ āļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļĢāļ°āļĒāļļāļāļāđāđāļāļĄāļāļēāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļŠāļģāļāļēāļāđāļāđāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļāļĒāđāļēāļ āđāļāđāļ āļāļĨāļīāļāļ āļąāļāļāđāļāļģāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ°āļāļēāļ āļāļĨāļīāļāļ āļąāļāļāđāđāļāļāļŦāļāļ§āļ āļāļĨāļīāļāļ āļąāļāļāđāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļāļāļĄ āļāļģāļŠāļģāļāļąāļ: āđāļāļĄ, āđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļŠāļģāļāļēāļ, āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļĒāļļāļāļāđ Abstract Cosmetic foam is a system comprising gas dispersed in fluid or semi-solid prepared in forms of foaming agent solution or emulsion containing gas at low ratio that could generate foam during application. Foam structure contains an air bubble in-folding with fluid comprising foaming agent layer as liquid crystal at interface. The strength of such arrangement influences the foam stability. Foam stability depends on type and amount of foaming agent and relates to the viscosity of product. The foam booster could enhance the rate of foam generation. The main evaluation of cosmetic foam concentrates on its capacity of foam formation and foam stability. There are many foam preparation techniques depending on the desired product. Cosmetic foam could be applied variously such as cleaning, shaving, hair styling products. Keywords: foam, cosmetic, applicatio
Transformation of eutectic emulsion to nanosuspension fabricating with solvent evaporation and ultrasonication technique
Thawatchai Phaechamud,1 Sarun Tuntarawongsa2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 2Pharmaceutical Intelligence Unit Prachote Plengwittaya, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Abstract: Eutectic solvent can solubilize high amount of some therapeutic compounds. Volatile eutectic solvent is interesting to be used as solvent in the preparation of nanosuspension with emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The mechanism of transformation from the eutectic emulsion to nanosuspension was investigated in this study. The 30% w/w ibuprofen eutectic solution was used as the internal phase, and the external phase is composed of Tween 80 as emulsifier. Ibuprofen nanosuspension was prepared by eutectic emulsion solvent evaporating method followed with ultrasonication. During evaporation process, the ibuprofen concentration in emulsion droplets was increased leading to a drug supersaturation but did not immediately recrystallize because of low glass transition temperature (Tg) of ibuprofen. The contact angle of the internal phase on ibuprofen was apparently lower than that of the external phase at all times of evaporation, indicating that the ibuprofen crystals were preferentially wetted by the internal phase than the external phase. From calculated dewetting value ibuprofen crystallization occurred in the droplet. Crystallization of the drug was initiated with external mechanical force, and the particle size of the drug was larger due to Ostwald ripening. Cavitation force from ultrasonication minimized the ibuprofen crystals to the nanoscale. Particle size and zeta potential of formulated ibuprofen nanosuspension were 330.87±51.49 nm and -31.1±1.6 mV, respectively, and exhibited a fast dissolution. Therefore, the combination of eutectic emulsion solvent evaporation method with ultrasonication was favorable for fabricating an ibuprofen nanosuspension, and the transformation mechanism was attained successfully. Keywords: eutectic, emulsion solvent evaporation, ibuprofen, nanosuspension, ultrasonicatio
Design and Comparative Evaluation of Vancomycin HCl-Loaded Rosin-Based In Situ Forming Gel and Microparticles
Vancomycin hydrochloride (HCl) is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat serious or life-threatening infections, and it reduces plaque scores and gingivitis in periodontal patients. In this study, vancomycin HCl was incorporated into rosin in situ forming gel (ISG) and rosin in situ forming microparticles (ISM) to generate a local drug delivery system to treat periodontal disease. The physical properties of the ISG and ISM were measured, including pH, viscosity, injectability, adhesion properties, in-vitro transformation, and drug release. Moreover, the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity was tested using the agar-cup diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Escherichia coli. Vancomycin HCl-loaded rosin-based ISG and ISM had a pH value in the range of 5.02â6.48 and exhibited the ease of injection with an injection force of less than 20 N. Additionally, the lubricity effect of the external oil phase of ISM promoted less work of injection than ISG and 40â60% rosin-based ISM showed good emulsion stability. The droplet size of emulsions containing 40%, 50%, and 60% rosin was 98.48 Âą 16.11, 125.55 Âą 4.75, and 137.80 Âą 16.8 Âĩm, respectively. Their obtained microparticles were significantly smaller in diameter, 78.63 Âą 12.97, 93.81 Âą 10.53, and 118.32 Âą 15.61 Âĩm, respectively, because the particles shrank due to the solvent loss from solvent exchange. Moreover, increasing the concentration of rosin increased the size of microparticles. After phase transformation, all formulations had better plasticity properties than elasticity; therefore, they could easily adapt to the specific shape of a patientâs gum cavity. Both developed ISG and ISM presented inhibition zones against S. mutans and P. gingivalis, with ISG presenting significantly more effectively against these two microbes (p < 0.05). The vancomycin HCl-loaded rosin ISG and ISM delayed drug release for 7 days with efficient antimicrobial activities; thus, they exhibit potential as the drug delivery systems for periodontitis treatment