Influences of Labeling Policy and Media Coverage On the Demand for Butter and Margarine

food labeling, regulation, media coverage, trans fat, consumer demand, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Self-Perception of Weight and Health and Dietary Quality

perception, dietary quality, obesity, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Epistemic Uniqueness, Permissiveness, and Peer Disagreement

Disagreement is very common in controversial areas such as politics, law, religion, and philosophy, but it is also very common in daily interactions. Clearly, in every disagreement it is neither the case that one should always defer to others, nor that one should always insist she is right. Instead, one should first evaluate the credence of the dissenter’ testimony. Suppose she recognizes the dissenter is her epistemic peer. In the current debate of the epistemology of peer disagreement, it is controversial whether one is rationally required to suspend one’s judgment when disputing with peers. Three different views have been proposed: (1) The Conciliatory view: we should always move at least a bit in the direction of the epistemic peer’s. (2) The Stubborn view: we should always not be moved by peer disagreement. (3) The Non-Conciliatory view: in some cases of peer disagreement we should be moved by peer disagreement, but in some cases of peer disagreement we should not be moved by peer disagreement. Two theses of the relationship between rationality and evidence are closely related to the question of how we should react to peer disagreement: (4) Uniqueness: for given evidence rationality fixes a unique fully rational doxastic attitude with respect to a given proposition. (5) Permissivism: for some evidence rationality permits a range of fully rational doxastic attitudes with respect to a given proposition. In this paper I will carefully examine the relationship between (1)-(3) and (4)-(5) and conclude that (3) is a more tenable view than (1). In section 1 I will specify (1)-(3) about how to respond to peer disagreement. In section 2, I will introduce (4)-(5) about the relationship between rationality and evidence and examine their relationship with (1)-(3). It leads to the conclusion that (2) can be dismissed. In section 3 I will argue that (5) on the relationship between evidence and rationality is more acceptable than (4). In section 4 I will compare two combinations of (1), (3) and (5) and argue that the combination of (3) and (5) is more tenable or at least equally plausible

A mathematical morphological method to thin edge detection in dark region

[[abstract]]The performance of image segmentation depends on the output quality of the edge detection process. Typical edge detecting method is based on detecting pixels in an image with high gradient values, and then applies a global threshold value to extract the edge points of the image. By these methods, some detected edge points may not belong to the edge and some thin edge points in dark regions of the image are being eliminated. These eliminated edges may be with important features of the image. This paper proposes a new mathematical morphological edge-detecting algorithm based on the morphological residue transformation derived from dilation operation to detect and preserve the thin edges. Moreover, this work adopts five bipolar oriented edge masks to prune the miss detected edge points. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is successfully to preserve the thin edges in the dark regions.[[conferencetype]]國際[[conferencedate]]20041218~20041221[[booktype]]紙本[[conferencelocation]]Rome, Ital

Memory for prediction error minimization : from depersonalization to the delusion of non-existence ; a commentary on Philip Gerrans

Depersonalization is an essential step in the development of the Cotard delusion. Based on Philip Gerrans’ account (this collection), which is an integration of the appraisal theory, the simulation theory, and the predictive coding framework, this commentary aims to argue that the role of memory systems is to update the knowledge of prior probability required for successful predictions. This view of memory systems under the predictive coding framework provides an explanation of how experience is related to the construction of mental autobiographies, how anomalous experience can lead to delusions, and thus how the Cotard delusion arises from depersonalization

Weight Control Strategies and Diet Quality

obesity, diet quality, nhanes, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, I00,

Uses of cardiomyocytes generated from induced pluripotent stem cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are naturally derived from early stage embryos and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are reprogrammed from somatic cells with overexpression of four reprogramming factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. Both ES cells and iPS cells are pluripotent stem cells with capabilities of indefinite self-renewal and can be differentiated into almost all cell types of the body, which make them valuable for studying early developmental biology, for modeling and as therapy for human diseases. Specifically, human iPS cells could be utilized to generate patient-specific lineages for a variety of translational research. In this review, we describe the cardiac differentiation from ES cells, iPS cells, and the current progress of using iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes for heart disease modeling and for the development of therapeutic strategies. In addition, we summarize the recent direct reprogramming of cardiomyocytes from fibroblast cells, which provides another method for potential heart disease therapy

Solubility Limits of Α'-SiAION Solid Solutions in the System Si,Al,Y/N,O

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66438/1/j.1151-2916.1991.tb06797.x.pd

Ensemble learning of model hyperparameters and spatiotemporal data for calibration of low-cost PM2.5 sensors.

he PM2.5 air quality index (AQI) measurements from government-built supersites are accurate but cannot provide a dense coverage of monitoring areas. Low-cost PM2.5 sensors can be used to deploy a fine-grained internet-of-things (IoT) as a complement to government facilities. Calibration of low-cost sensors by reference to high-accuracy supersites is thus essential. Moreover, the imputation for missing-value in training data may affect the calibration result, the best performance of calibration model requires hyperparameter optimization, and the affecting factors of PM2.5 concentrations such as climate, geographical landscapes and anthropogenic activities are uncertain in spatial and temporal dimensions. In this paper, an ensemble learning for imputation method selection, calibration model hyperparameterization, and spatiotemporal training data composition is proposed. Three government supersites are chosen in central Taiwan for the deployment of low-cost sensors and hourly PM2.5 measurements are collected for 60 days for conducting experiments. Three optimizers, Sobol sequence, Nelder and Meads, and particle swarm optimization (PSO), are compared for evaluating their performances with various versions of ensembles. The best calibration results are obtained by using PSO, and the improvement ratios with respect to R2, RMSE, and NME, are 4.92%, 52.96%, and 56.85%, respectively