İlköğretim okulları 3. devre müzik eğitiminde öğretim yöntemi modeli denemesi

GENEL BİLGİLER İsim ve Soyadı : R. İmge Tuncer Anabilim Dalı : Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Programı : Müzik Öğretmenliği Tez Danışmanı : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Sibel Akıncı Tez Türü ve Tarihi : Yüksek Lisans - 2004 Anahtar Kelimeler : Müzik Eğitimi, Öğretme Yöntemi, Ritm Öğretimi İLKÖĞRETİM OKULLARI 3. DEVRE MÜZİK EĞİTİMİNDE ÖĞRETİM YÖNTEMİ MODELİ DENEMESİ Bu araştırmada, ilköğretim okulları 3. devre müzik eğitiminde "Müzikte Ritim Ögesi" Konusunun öğretilmesinde uygulanacak öğretme yöntemlerinin sınıf başarısına etkisi saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada "Kontrol Gruplu Ön test - Son test" deneysel yöntemiyle, İlköğretim Okulları 3. Devre "Müzikte Ritim, Ezgi ve Ölçü" Ünitesinin 6. Sınıf "Müzikte Ritim Ögesi" Konusunda, dörtlük, ikilik, sekizlik nota süre değerlerini ve çeşitli bölünümlerden oluşan ritim kalıplarını tanıyabilme, vurabilme ve yazabilme becerileri sınanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma, bu amaç ve davranışlar doğrultusunda, çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturan İzmit Necati Bey İlköğretim Okulu'nda, 6A sınıfı deney grubu 26, 6C sınıfı kontrol grubu 26 olmak üzere toplam 52 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada kullanılan veri toplama araçları üç bölümden oluşmuştur. Bunlar kişisel bilgi formu, gözlem formları ve öğrencilerin "Müzikte Ritim Ögesi" konusunda bilgilerini ölçen bilgi testi'dir. Deney ve kontrol grubunda yapılan uygulamaların sonuçları tablo ve grafiklerle sunularak yorumlanmıştır. Deney öncesi yapılan ön test ve sonrasında yapılan son test'ten elde edilen bulgulara göre; İlköğretim Okulları 3. Devre öğrencilerinin "Müzikte Ritim, Ezgi ve Ölçü" Ünitesinin 6. Sınıf "Müzikte Ritim Ögesi" Konusunda, dörtlük, ikilik, sekizlik nota süre değerlerini ve çeşitli bölünümlerden oluşan ritim kalıplarını tanıyabilme, vurabilme ve yazabilme becerileri uygulanan öğretme yöntemi modeline gore büyük ölçüde farklılaşmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda, deney grubunun çalışılan konunun her basamağında daha başarılı, kontrol grubunun ise daha az başarılı olduğu saptanmıştır. Uygulanan öğretme yöntemi modeline bağlı olarak genel müzik eğitimindeki başarı durumu ile cinsiyet değişkeni karşılaştırıldığında, kız ve erkek gruplarında, deney grubundaki öğrencilerin kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere göre daha başarılı olduğu görülmüştür. Gelir düzeyi, babanın ve annenin mesleki durumu değişkenlerinde de deney grubundaki öğrencilerin kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere göre daha başarılı olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. Babanın eğitim durumu değişkeni ile uygulanan öğretme yöntemi modeline bağlı olarak genel müzik eğitimindeki başarı durumu arasındaki ilişkiye bakıldığında ise ilkokul ve lise mezunlarında deney grubunun kontrol grubuna göre daha başarılı olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ortaokul mezunlarında ise anlamlı bir farklılık ortaya çıkmamıştır. Annenin eğitim durumu değişkeninde ise, lise mezunlarında deney grubunun kontrol grubuna göre daha başarılı olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. İlkokul ve ortaokul mezunlarında ise anlamlı bir farklılık ortaya çıkmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, "yakından uzağa, somuttan soyuta, bilinenden bilinmeyene ve yaparak - yaşayarak öğrenme ilkeleri"doğrultusunda, öğrencinin yaşayışından ve çevresinden yola çıkılarak her bilgi ve becerinin, somut örneklerle desteklendiği, öğrencinin öğrenmede aktif olduğu öğretme yönteminin, İlköğretim okullarındaki genel müzik eğitimini mutlak başarıya ulaştırdığı tespit edilmiştir. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Name and Surname : R. İmge Tuncer Field : The Fine Art Education Programme : Music Teaching Supervisor : Asist. Prof. Sibel Akıncı Degree Awarded and Date : Master - 2004 Keywords : Music Education, Teaching Method, Rhythm Teaching ABSTRACT ESSAY OF TEACHING METHOD MODEL IN 3RD PERIOD MUSIC EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS In this research, it is tried to determine effects of education methods against class success to be applied in teaching the topic "Rhythm in Music" in third period music education of primary schools. In this research, through experimental method "Control Group Pretest - Posttest", the capabilities to identify, play and write the two, four and eight note values in the topic "Rhythm in Music" in Class 6 of 3rd Period of Primary Schools, and rhythm moulds consisting of various chapters are examined. In direction of this purposes and behaviors, this study is executed together with totally 52 students as 26 students from experimental group of Class 6A, and 52 students from control group of Class 6C in Izmit Necati Bey Primary School. Data collection tools used during the research consists of three chapters: Personal data form, monitor forms and knowledge test that measure knowledge of students in the topic "Rhythm in Music". Results of applications carried out in experiment and control group were presented and commented with tables, schedules and graphs. According to results of pretest and posttest carried out before experiment, the capabilities to identify, play and write rhythm values of the two, four and eight notes in the topic "Rhythm in Music" in Class 6 of 3rd Period of Primary Schools, and rhythm moulds consisting of various chapters differ in large extent as per applied teaching method. As results of the research, experimental group is more successful in each step of such topic, but control group is less successful in such topic. Depending on used teaching method, when success situation in total music education, and sexuality factor are compared, as female and male groups, it was seen that the students in experimental group were more successful than the students in control group. Also as the factors such as income level and occupational situations, the result was obtained that the students in experimental group were more successful than the students in control group. Depending on the factor "education status of father" and applied teaching method, when looking at relationship between success situations in total music education, in people graduated from primary and high schools, the result was obtained that the students in experimental group were more successful than the students in control group. In people graduated from secondary schools, a considerable difference was not appeared. Also in the factor "education status of mother", in people graduated from high schools, the result was obtained the students in experimental group were more successful than the students in control group. In people graduated from primary and secondary schools, a considerable difference was not appeared. Consequently, in direction of the principles "from near to east, from concrete to abstract, from known to unknown, and teaching by doing and living", acting from life and environment of any student, it was determined that each knowledge and skills were supported with concrete specimens, and teaching method that any student was active achieved total music education to absolute success in primary schools

An Experimental Study of Game-Based Music Education of Primary School Children

2nd European Conference on Games-Based Learning -- OCT 16-17, 2008 -- Univ Oberta Catalunya, Barcelona, SPAINWOS: 000264585800011In order to determine which method would be more successful in teaching "Rythm in Music" to the sixth grade 12 year old students, a state primary school (in Turkey) was chosen. An experimental study "pre-test and post test method with a control group" was held and was carried out with a total of 52 students 26 of whom were in the "study group" and 26 in the "control group". In this study, it was aimed to observe how children respond in learning the two, four and eighth note values and rhythm patterns and whether they were able to identify the notes, reproduce them in beats and write down what they listen to (notation). Teaching to both groups "The Element of Rhythm" by means of games called "Bingo", "Wheel" and the follow up activity of "Write down What You Listen to" was the main aim of this study. Researchers collected data by means of: a) a "personal information form" containing information about each student's background; b) an information test prepared by the researchers to evaluate the knowledge of the student about "The Element of Rhythm, in Music" and given before and after the experimental study; c) an observation form for each student which was filled in throughout the games played and activities done in the classroom. The duration of the study was for four weeks. The students took a pre-test at the beginning of the four-week period and a posttest at the end. According to the findings after the pre and posttests, the skills and capabilities of the 6(th) grade primary school children in recognizing, playing and writing down the note durations of quarter, half and eighth notes as well as the rhythm patterns consisting of various partitions differentiated substantially according to the teaching method used in the classroom. Furthermore, with respect to the relation to the variable of gender and the variable the financial status of the family and the variable of the parents' educational background and the variable of the parents' occupation point out to slight differences in the achievement rate of the students. Consequent to the research, it is found out that the children in the study group were far more successful than the children in the control group at every stage.AC

Antimicrobial resistance patterns and serotype distribution among Salmonella enterica strains in Turkey, 2000-2002

Since Turkey currently lacks a national reference center for Salmonella infections, the present study was conducted to document the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns among Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from clinical samples in ten Turkish provinces over a 2-year period. Among the 620 Salmonella enterica isolates recovered between 1 July 2000 and 30 June 2002, strains belonging to the serotypes Enteritidis (47.7%), Typhimurium (34.7%), Paratyphi B (6.0%), Typhi (2.9%), Paratyphi A (0.2%) and serogroup C (8.5%) were found. Resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents was particularly high among Salmonella Typhimurium isolates (76.7%), and resistance or decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC >= 0.125 mg/l) was demonstrated in Salmonella Paratyphi B, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis strains. All of the Salmonella Typhi isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The results indicate that decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin is an emerging problem in Salmonella enterica in Turkey, particularly in multiresistant strains