Interobserver reproducibility of intracranial anatomy assessment during second trimester sonographic scan

To evaluate the reproducibility of mid-trimester intracranial anatomy assessment. Women undergoing mid-trimester scan (between 18th to 25th gestational weeks) for fetal anatomy assessment were included in the study. Measurements of lateral ventricle (LV), cisterna magna (CM) and transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) were obtained for reproducibility analyses. Inter-observer reproducibility analysis was made with correlation coefficients. A total of 162 women were included in the analysis while one woman was excluded from the study due to diagnosis of vermian agenesis. Correlation coefficient (CC) of cisterna magna measurements have shown weak to moderate interclass correlation (r=0.28, P=0.001). Measurements of lateral ventricle have shown moderate to strong interclass correlation (r=0.73, P<0.0001). Transverse cerebellar diameter measurements have shown the best interclass correlation (r=0.88, respectively P<0.0001). Mean difference between different observers were-0.4 mm (95% CI:-3.0 to 2.1 mm), 0.7mm (95% CI:-1.0 to 2.5 mm) and 0.53 mm (95% CI:-2.5 to 3.6 mm) for measurements of cerebellum, lateral ventricle and cisterna magna, respectively. When grouped according to BMI (Over 30 kg/m2 and lower than 25 kg/m2) and presentation (cephalic and breech), there were no differences between groups regarding the prevalence of an absolute difference gre ater than 1 mm between paired measurements by different observers. Measurements of TCD, LV and CM during mid-trimester scan have good interobserver reliability with the exception of CM measurements. Methods used for measuring these structures have shown good consistency between different BMI categories and different fetal presentations during ultrasound scans

Cantrell pentalojisi

Cantrel pentalojisi nadir görülen bir sendromdur. Gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte son yıllarda erken haftalarda tanı konabilmektedir. Tanı konulan hastalarda gebeliğin sonlandırılması önerilmekte ve bir çok hastada terminasyon uygulanmaktadır. Ancak nadiren de olsa aile terminasyon seçeneğini kabul etmediğinden dolayı terme ulaşan fetuslar görülmektedir. Bizim vakamız da terme kadar ulaşan ve doğum esnasında kaybedilen bir Cantrel pentalojisi vakasıdı

Determination of Tourism potential of rural areas - The case of Artvin-Arhavi

Artvin iline bağlı olan Arhavi ilçesi; tarihi, kültürel ve yöresel değerler ve tahrip edilmemiş doğal yapısıyla turizme açılabilecek önemli kırsal alanlara sahiptir. Arhavi’nin kırsal turizme açılabilecek alanlarını keşfetmek, yörenin tarihi, kültürel ve geleneksel de- ğerlerini açığa çıkararak tanıtımını sağlamak, il ve ilçeye önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır. Çalışmamızın ilk bölümünde kırsal turizmin gelişme nedenleri ile kırsal turizmin kırsal kalkınmaya etkileri üzerinde durulmuştur ve ikinci bölümde Arhavi’nin turistik çekici- likleri, Arhavi köylerinin potansiyel kırsal turizm değerleri ile mevcut kültürel değerle- ri hakkında detaylı bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışmamızın son bölümünde ise sonuç ve öneriler üzerinde değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Araştırmamızın yöntem kısmında ilk olarak kapsamlı literatür taraması yapılarak veri toplanmıştır. Sonraki aşamada, Arhavi ilçesine bağlı toplam 30 köyde yörenin ileri gelenleri (muhtar, öğretmen, köy imamı vb.) ile görüşmeler yapılarak elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda yörenin turistik ürün değeri taşıyan tarihi ve doğal yapıların konumları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, Arhavi’nin keşfedilme- miş kırsal turizm değerlerinin açığa çıkarılarak turistik hareketlerin bu yörelere çekilme- si beklenmektedir. Böylelikle hem kırsal alanlar turizme açılacak, hem de yerli ve yabancı turistlere gezilecek yerler açısından yarar sağlamış olacaklardır. Köy halkının turizmden gelir elde etmesi de bu çalışmanın beklenen sonuçları arasındadır.Arhavi district, the province of Artvin, has historical, cultural and local values and important rural areas that can be opened to tourism with its natural beauty which have not been destroyed yet. To explore Arhavi’s rural areas, in order to promote tourism by releasing the area’s historical, cultural and traditional value, will make important contributions to province and district. In the first part of our study, we have focused on the reasons of the development of rural tourism and the effects of tourism in rural development. In the second part, we have given detailed information about the touristic attractions of Arhavi, the potential rural tourism values and existing cultural values of Arhavi’s villages. In the last part of this study, evaluation has been made on the result and suggestions. Related to the method of our research, firstly data was collected by comprehensive literature review. Accordingly, the locations of the historical and natural structures which have touristic value of the region were selected according to the information obtained from the interwievs with the elders of the region (reeve, teacher, imam) in 30 villages of Arhavi. At the end of this study, it is expected to draw touristic activities in these regions by revealing rural tourism values of Arhavi. In this way, both rural areas will be opened to tourism and it will be beneficial for domestic and foreign tourists about the places to visit. Generating an income from tourism of village people is among the expected results of this study

Transpupillary Argon Laser Cyclophotocoagulation in a Refractory Traumatic Glaucoma Patient with Aphakia and Aniridia

We present a case of transpupillary argon laser cyclophotocoagulation (TALC) in a patient with traumatic aniridia and aphakia secondary to blunt trauma who had previous bilateral trabeculectomy. Four months after the trauma the patient’s intraocular pressure (IOP) rose to 35 mmHg despite topical antiglaucomatous medication. Inferior 180 degrees cyclophotocoagulation was performed with transpupillary argon laser in the first session and his IOP fell to values of 12-17 mmHg. Twelve weeks after TALC, his IOP rose to 22 mmHg and we had to apply TALC to the residual ciliary processes. Seven months later his IOP was 13 mmHg with topical dorzolamide/timolol and latanoprost administration. TALC may be an effective treatment alternative for lowering IOP in patients with visible ciliary processes who do not respond to conventional medical or laser treatment

ADAMTS 1, 4, 12, and 13 levels in maternal blood, cord blood, and placenta in preeclampsia

The aim of this study is to compare ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease Domains with Thrombospondins motifs) 1, 4, 12, and 13 levels in maternal and cord blood and placental tissue between preeclampsia and uncomplicated pregnancies. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that ADAMTS 1, 4, 12, and 13 levels in the maternal and cord blood were lower in the preeclampsia group than in the control group. Based on the immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, ADAMTS 1, 4, and 12 levels in placental tissues were higher in the preeclampsia group. According to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results, ADAMTS 1, 4, and 12 were higher, whereas ADAMTS 13 was lower in the preeclampsia group than in the control group