Caloric Restriction Effects on Liver mTOR Signaling are Time‐of‐day Dependent

The regulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling contributes to the metabolic effects of a calorie restriction (CR) diet. We assayed the effect of CR on the activity of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) in the liver of mice at six different times across the day. CR effects on mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities were time-of-day dependent. CR induced mTORC1 activity at one time, reduced at two times and has no effect during other times. CR induced mTORC2 activity at one time of the day and has no effects at other times. Circadian clocks are implemented in the regulation of mTOR signaling in mammals and mechanisms of CR. We assayed the effect of CR on mTOR signaling in the liver of mice deficient for circadian transcriptional regulators BMAL1 and CRYs. The CR induced suppression of mTORC1 activity was observed in both clock mutants, while up regulation of mTORC2 was observed in the liver of CRY deficient but not in the liver of BMAL1 deficient mice. Our finding revealed that CR has different time dependent effect on the activity of mTOR complexes 1 and 2 and suggest that circadian clock protein BMAL1 is involved in the up regulation of mTORC2 upon CR in mammals

Caloric Restriction Effects on Liver mTOR Signaling are Time‐of‐day Dependent

The regulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling contributes to the metabolic effects of a calorie restriction (CR) diet. We assayed the effect of CR on the activity of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) in the liver of mice at six different times across the day. CR effects on mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities were time-of-day dependent. CR induced mTORC1 activity at one time, reduced at two times and has no effect during other times. CR induced mTORC2 activity at one time of the day and has no effects at other times. Circadian clocks are implemented in the regulation of mTOR signaling in mammals and mechanisms of CR. We assayed the effect of CR on mTOR signaling in the liver of mice deficient for circadian transcriptional regulators BMAL1 and CRYs. The CR induced suppression of mTORC1 activity was observed in both clock mutants, while up regulation of mTORC2 was observed in the liver of CRY deficient but not in the liver of BMAL1 deficient mice. Our finding revealed that CR has different time dependent effect on the activity of mTOR complexes 1 and 2 and suggest that circadian clock protein BMAL1 is involved in the up regulation of mTORC2 upon CR in mammals

CHANNELING & ALLOSTERY IN PDE-MEDIATED CYCLIC AMP SIGNAL TERMINATION

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Modeling of Breakdown Voltage of White Minilex Paper in Presence of Voids Under AC and DC conditions using Artificial Neural Network as Computational Method

Insulating materials contain various voids due to which when an electrical signal is passed through the insulator above a threshold level they start deteriorating and breakdown occurs. Hence it is of great importance to find out the breakdown voltage of an insulator. In this project the Artificial Neural Network method has been employed to model the desired breakdown voltages under AC and DC conditions. By using neural networks a relationship between the input parameters and breakdown voltage has been established. The insulating material used is White Minilex Paper. Voids of varying dimensions are created artificially. The calculated values of mean absolute error and mean square error show the effectiveness of the model

Primary Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty in male neonates with Anorectal Malformations: A tertiary care hospital experience

Background: The conventional surgical management for a male neonate with intermediate Anorectal Malformation (ARM) involves three stages – the creation of a diversion stoma in the neonatal period, a definitive pull-through procedure/ Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty (PSARP) followed by stoma closure. With this background, we present our experience with Single-stage primary definitive repair in selected male neonates with ARM. Methods: Medical records of male ARM cases managed from 2016 to 2018 were reviewed. Male neonates who underwent primary PSARP were analysed retrospectively. Results: A total of 35 records were found, out of which 12 male neonates underwent primary PSARP. The      median gestational age and birth weight were 36.7 weeks and 2.75 kg respectively. Fistula with urinary tract was documented in all. The mean operative time was      65 minutes +/- 15 minutes. Two neonates had minor superficial surgical site infection at neo-anus. Anal dilatations were started after 2 weeks. At follow-up period of 3 years, 11 patients were continent; one patient had constipation with pseudo-incontinence which was successfully being managed by bowel management programme. Conclusions: A primary definitive procedure is feasible when performed on carefully selected male neonates with ARM and also avoids the morbidity of stoma and multiple surgeries and follow-up visits to hospitals

Predictive association of gut microbiome and NLR in anemic low middle-income population of Odisha- a cross-sectional study

BackgroundIron is abundant on earth but not readily available for colonizing bacteria due to its low solubility in the human body. Hosts and microbiota compete fiercely for iron. <15% Supplemented Iron is absorbed in the small bowel, and the remaining iron is a source of dysbiosis. The gut microbiome signatures to the level of predicting anemia among low-middle-income populations are unknown. The present study was conducted to identify gut microbiome signatures that have predictive potential in association with Neutrophil to lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in anemia.MethodsOne hundred and four participants between 10 and 70 years were recruited from Odisha’s Low Middle-Income (LMI) rural population. Hematological parameters such as Hemoglobin (HGB), NLR, and MCV were measured, and NLR was categorized using percentiles. The microbiome signatures were analyzed from 61 anemic and 43 non-anemic participants using 16 s rRNA sequencing, followed by the Bioinformatics analysis performed to identify the diversity, correlations, and indicator species. The Multi-Layered Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) model were applied to predict anemia.ResultsSignificant microbiome diversity among anemic participants was observed between the lower, middle, and upper Quartile NLR groups. For anemic participants with NLR in the lower quartile, alpha indices indicated bacterial overgrowth, and consistently, we identified R. faecis and B. uniformis were predominating. Using ROC analysis, R. faecis had better distinction (AUC = 0.803) to predict anemia with lower NLR. In contrast, E. biforme and H. parainfluenzae were indicators of the NLR in the middle and upper quartile, respectively. While in Non-anemic participants with low MCV, the bacterial alteration was inversely related to gender. Furthermore, our Multi-Layered Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) models also provided 89% accuracy in predicting Anemic or Non-Anemic from the top 20 OTUs, HGB level, NLR, MCV, and indicator species.ConclusionThese findings strongly associate anemic hematological parameters and microbiome. Such predictive association between the gut microbiome and NLR could be further evaluated and utilized to design precision nutrition models and to predict Iron supplementation and dietary intervention responses in both community and clinical settings

New Methods in Cryptography

This project surveys the development of quantum computers and their usability in decrypting prevalently used cryptosystems such as the RSA, based on the hardness of integer factoring, and Diffie-Hellman, based on the hardness of discrete logarithms. It then proceeds to discuss Peter Shor's contributions to developing such algorithms, and gives an overview of common post-quantum cryptosystems under active research and development in the field of cryptanalysis. We assume basic knowledge of number theory and quantum mechanics, but we detail the necessary information and principles used in quantum computers and Shor's algorithm for factoring large integers and solving the discrete log problem

Medicinal Plants on Acne inducing Bacteria

Acne is a cutaneous pleomorphic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit involving abnormalities in sebum production and is characterized by both inflammatory (papules, pustules and nodules) and non-inflammatory (comedons, open and closed) lesions. Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are common pus-forming microbes responsible for the development of various forms of Acne vulgaris. The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial activities of seven medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria. Acetonic and aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica (leaves), Curcuma longa (root), Aloe vera (leaves), Withania somnifera (leaves), Terminalia arjuna (bark), Ocimim sanctum (leaves), Santalum album (wood) were tested for antimicrobial activities by agar diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) methods. The results from the agar diffusion method showed that five medicinal plants could inhibit the growth of acne-inducing bacteria. Among these Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa and Terminalia arjuna had strong inhibitory effects. Based on MIC, the acetonic extracts of Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa had the greatest antimicrobial effects. Taken together, the present study indicated that Azadirachta indica had a strong inhibitory effect on acne-inducing bacteria