Bone and articular cartilage tumours as seen in the Dept. of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University

Abstract: The incidence of bone and articular cartilage tumours in Ethiopia is unknown. In those countries where incidence rates are studied, neoplasms of bone and articular cartilage are among the most uncommon of all types of tumours. To determine the relative incidence of bone and articular cartilage tumours and the distribution of specific diagnosis by age, sex and anatomic locations, a retrospective descriptive study was conducted from November 1967 to December 1996 in the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University based on surgical biopsy results. There were six hundred and eighty-nine patients; 400 (58%) had benign tumours and 289 (42%) had malignant tumours giving a benign to malignant ratio of 1.4:1. Osteochondroma was the most common benign bone tumour with 36.5% followed by chondroma (20.5%), Giant cell tumour (13.75%), Osteoma (11.5%), and others (17.75%). Osteosarcoma constitutes 35.1% of all primary malignant bone neoplasms, followed by chondrosarcoma (27.1%), Ewing’s Sarcoma (11.1%), Multiple myeloma and fibrosarcoma (8.9% each), and others (8.9%). Metastatic neoplasms are much more common than are primary malignant tumours of bone in Western English literatures. In this material metastatic neoplasms (64 cases) were preceded by osteosarcoma (79 cases). In this study, 74% of benign and 47% of malignant bone and articular cartilage tumours occurred in the age group between 10 and 29 years of age with males out numbering females in most cases. The experience insite localization of the various bone tumours in this series was in accord with that of other observers. It is hoped that the information in this study may be used as a guide to preoperative diagnosis or as a baseline for future study to see the national frequency of these tumours. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 1998;12(2):125-134

Assessment of Challenges and Opportunity of Basketball Developments in Some Selected Regions in Ethiopia

The intent of this study is to assess the challenges and Opportunity of Basketball development of in Some Selected Regions Ethiopia. The research made Addis Ababa, Oromia, Gambella and South Nation Nationality and People Regional States as the sites of this study. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches particularly a descriptive survey were employed as they were found to be appropriate for answering the basic research questions. Instrument of data collection included questionnaire, interview and document analysis. Pertaining to the sample population for the study, Basketball Players, Coaches, Referees, Sport Science Scholars  and Sport Administrators (N=200) were involved. The result indicates that there are huge gap as regards to the development of basketball. According to the finding of the study, there are lack of trained human power, lack of sound policies and strategies of Basketball development. The result also revealed a shortage of budget, facilities, equipments and other necessary materials at the sample of Regional States. shortage of basketball competitions at various sex and age categories, Problems of communication and continuous material, logistic and moral support from Sport Commission and National Federation were identified be side. Furthermore the study revealed the talent identification and development were very weak and number of basketball clubs only limited to the capital of the country hence Addis Ababa City Administration is the only regions which have basketball clubs. Finally the finding of the study shows that these four Regions possess huge basketball talent and growth potentials.  To this end National and Regional Sport commissions, Ethiopian Basketball Federation and other concerned sport authorities have to make all necessary provision urgently to develop and expand basketball sport, in order to produce talented and outstanding athletes both at regional and national level. Keywords: Basketball, Development, Challenges and Opportunity 

The Causes and Prevalence of Players Injuries in Ethiopian Premier League Basketball Clubs

The purpose of this study was to investigate causes and prevalence of   injuries in males and females basketball players in Ethiopia. These players participated in a national championship in during the 2013-20014 basketball seasons. Ten male and five female basketball clubs were participated in national basketball championships  and six male teams and four females team with ten players ,two coaches and one physiotherapist  each were randomly selected(N=130).The coaches were provided with a standard questionnaire from modified Sports Medicine Lab manual, in which injuries would be recorded players medical documents of every week injuries data were collected. The data included in the sheet were: the anatomical region of injury, the period that the injury occurred (training or game), causes of injury, the diagnosis of the injury and the kind of the selected therapy. The collected data were from whole season, meaning from the8th of Sept 2013 until 20 June 2014.Every injury was recorded by the physiotherapist and coach of the teams. From the start of the period until the end of the year 50 injuries in males and 36 in females were recorded. The rate was 0.72 injuries per male athlete per year, while for females the corresponding rate was 0.56. Males had more overuse injuries than females (p 0.02), while females had more injuries in   the   lumbar spine (p 0.001). Males had more knee sprains in the medial collateral ligament of (p 0.05), while females had more sprains in the anterior cruciate ligament (p 0.005). Both sexes sustained injuries during the games and in the second part. The nature of game and playing ground main causes for injuries for both sex. It is concluded that injuries in Ethiopian national Premier League basketball clubs players did not differ considerably from published studies. Further studies are needed in order that such injuries should be prevented. Keywords:  Players, Injuries Causes and Prevalenc

Challenges and Prospective Development of Basketball in Oromia Regional State

The central objective of this study is to assess the challenges and prospective development of Basketball in Oromia Regional State. The research made Jimma, Adama and Asella as the sites of this study. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches particularly a descriptive survey were employed as they were found to be appropriate for answering the basic research questions. Instrument of data collection included questionnaire, interview and document analysis. Pertaining to the sample population for the study, Basketball Players Coaches, and Sport Administrators (N=69) were involved. The result indicates that there are huge gap as regards to the development of basketball. According to the finding of the study, there are lack of trained man power sound policies and strategies. The result also revealed a shortage of budget, facilities, equipments and other necessary materials at the sample zones of Oromia Regional State. Problems of communication and continuous material, logistic and moral support from Region Sport Commission and National Federation were identified be side. Furthermore the study revealed the training system is not up to date and scientific and they don’t use training aid material in order to support, the training that delivered by coaches .finally of absence of basketball clubs, and shortage of basketball competitions at various sex and age categories. To this end Oromia Region Sport commission and Federal sport authorities have to make all necessary provision urgently to develop and expand basketball sport, in order to produce talented and outstanding athletes both at regional and national level. Key word; Basketball, Challenge and Prospect

Prevalence of human papillomavirus and Helicobacter pylori in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer biopsies from a case-control study in Ethiopia

peer reviewe

Cerebellar Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma

Pilomyxoid astrocytomas (PMA) are new class of Pilocytic Astrocytoma (PA.), which typically have their origin in hypothalamus and Chiasmatic region. There are very few case reports of PMAs arising from cerebellum. Their imaging features are similar to PA but they behave more aggressively than PA. To increase awareness of PMA within the neurosurgical community, the authors reviewed a case of 11-year-old male child who presented with truncal and cerebellar ataxia and vomiting and right cerebellar tumor diagnosed as PA radiologically but PMA on histopathology examination. These findings indicate that PMA may be a unique entity that is distinct from PA, or it may be an unusual variant.Key words: -Pilocytic astrocytoma • pilomyxoid astrocytoma • diagnosis • cerebella

Exploring serum and immunoglobulin G N-glycome as diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer in Ethiopian women

Background Alterations in protein glycosylation patterns have potentially been targeted for biomarker discovery in a wide range of diseases including cancer. Although there have been improvements in patient diagnosis and survival for breast cancer (BC), there is no clinically validated serum biomarker for its early diagnosis. Here, we profiled whole serum and purified Immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction N-glycome towards identification of non-invasive glycan markers of BC.MethodsWe employed a comprehensive glycomics approach by integrating glycoblotting-based glycan purification with MALDI-TOF/MS based quantitative analysis. Sera of BC patients belonging to stages I-IV and normal controls (NC) were collected from Ethiopian women during 2015-2016. IgG was purified by affinity chromatography using protein G spin plate and further subjected to glycoblotting for glycan release. Mass spectral data were further processed and evaluated rigorously, using various bioinformatics and statistical tools.ResultsOut of 35N-glycans that were significantly up-regulated in the sera of all BC patients compared to the NC, 17 complex type N-glycans showed profound expression abundance and diagnostic potential (AUC=0.8-1) for the early stage (I and II) BC patients. Most of these glycans were core-fucosylated, multiply branched and sialylated structures, whose abundance has been strongly associated with greater invasive and metastatic potential of cancer. N-glycans quantified form IgG confirmed their abundance in BC patients, of which two core-fucosylated and agalactosylated glycans (m/z 1591, 1794) could specifically distinguish (AUC=0.944 and 0.921, p0.001) stage II patients from NC. Abundance of such structural features in IgG is associated with a decrease in its immunosuppressive potential towards tumor cells, which in part may correlate with the aggressive nature of BC commonly noticed in black population.ConclusionsOur comprehensive study has addressed for the first time both whole serum and IgG N-glycosylation signatures of native black women suffering from BC and revealed novel glyco-biomarkers with marked overexpression and distinguishing ability at early stage patients. Further studies on direct identification of the intact glycoproteins using a glycoprteomics approach will provide a deeper understanding of specific biomarkers towards their clinical utility

Burden of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background The ultimate goal of preventing intestinal parasites among pregnant women is to reduce maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. Numerous primary studies were conducted in East Africa presented intestinal parasite infection and associated factors among pregnant women. However, the pooled finding is not known. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the pooled prevalence of intestinal parasite infection and its determinants among pregnant women in East Africa. Methods Articles published from 2009 to 2021 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and HINARI databases. The search for unpublished studies such as thesis and dissertations was checked in Addis Ababa University and Africa Digital Library. PRISMA checklist was used to report the review. Articles published in the English Language were considered. The data were extracted by two authors using data extraction checklists on Microsoft excel. Heterogeneity among the included studies was checked using I2 statistics on forest plots. Sensitivity and sub-group analyses were conducted to assess the presence of primary studies, and study characteristics responsible for the observed heterogeneity. Results Of the 43 identified articles, about 23 articles were removed due to duplications. Then, by assessing the abstracts and full texts, four articles were removed because they failed to meet the eligibility criteria. Finally, 16 articles were included in the systematic and meta-analysis.The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites among pregnant women in East Africa was 38.54 (28.77, 48.32). In this study, variables like residing in rural areas (OR: 3.75; CI: 1.15,12.16), availability of latrine(OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 2.22, 3.91), eating raw fruits/vegetables (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.16, 5.11). and sources of water as unprotected sources (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.11,4.35) show statistically significant association with the increased burden of intestinal parasites among pregnant women. Conclusion The burden of intestinal parasite infection among pregnant women in East Africa was high. Therefore, efforts should be made in deworming pregnant women at the community and institutional level by stakeholders to reduce the burden of intestinal parasite infections and related complications