Millennials’ CSR Adoption: A Stakeholder Approach and the Impact on Profit

Business education emphasizes an analytical approach to decision making and strategy development. However, certain factors, such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), are challenging to quantify in corporate strategy. The consideration of CSR, including Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance, by Boards of Directors, is among these difficult-to-quantify factors. Business schools now teach students to focus more on a CSR/stakeholder approach, in line with updated standards such as Advance Collegiate Schools of Business Standard 9, which has increased the focus on societal impact in curricula. The CSR/stakeholder approach has emerged as a global strategic management option but is not without challenges, including non-homogeneous CSR issues and potential greenwashing. Moreover, a measurable stakeholder approach might lead to decreased profitability. Individual differences, particularly among millennials, influence support for or against CSR initiatives. This paper evaluates these differences and their impact on decision-making, which will significantly influence society as millennials rise to leadership roles

1.4 GHz polarimetric observations of the two fields imaged by the DASI experiment

We present results of polarization observations at 1.4 GHz of the two fields imaged by the DASI experiment ($\alpha = 23^{\rm h} 30^{\rm m}$, $\delta = -55^{\circ}$ and $\alpha = 00^{\rm h} 30^{\rm m}$, $\delta = -55^{\circ}$, respectively). Data were taken with the Australia Telescope Compact Array with 3.4 arcmin resolution and $\sim 0.18$ mJy beam$^{-1}$ sensitivity. The emission is dominated by point sources and we do not find evidence for diffuse synchrotron radiation even after source subtraction. This allows to estimate an upper limit of the diffuse polarized emission. The extrapolation to 30 GHz suggests that the synchrotron radiation is lower than the polarized signal measured by the DASI experiment by at least 2 orders of magnitude. This further supports the conclusions drawn by the DASI team itself about the negligible Galactic foreground contamination in their data set, improving by a factor $\sim 5$ the upper limit estimated by Leitch et al. (2005). The dominant point source emission allows us to estimate the contamination of the CMB by extragalactic foregrounds. We computed the power spectrum of their contribution and its extrapolation to 30 GHz provides a framework where the CMB signal should dominate. However, our results do not match the conclusions of the DASI team about the negligibility of point source contamination, suggesting to take into account a source subtraction from the DASI data.Comment: 7 pages, six figures, submitted to MNRA

The angular power spectra of polarized Galactic synchrotron

We derive the angular power spectra of intensity and polarization of Galactic synchrotron emission in the range 36 < l < 10^3 from the Parkes survey mapping the southern Galactic plane at 2.4 GHz. The polarization spectra of both electric and magnetic parity up to l \simeq 10^3 are approximated very well by power laws with slope coefficients \simeq 1.4, quite different from the CMB spectra. We show that no problem should arise from Galactic synchrotron for measurements of CMB polarization in the cosmological window.Comment: 15 pages with 6 eps figures. Accepted for publication in New Astronom

Simulação hidrológica de rios com grandes planícies de inundação.

Conhecer o comportamento hidrológico de um rio permite investigar diversas questões ecológicas relacionadas. Além de descrever o comportamento hidrológico, é importante poder prevê-lo frente a cenários futuros, e modelos matemáticos têm sido largamente utilizados com essa finalidade. A simulação do escoamento em rios tem sido realizada principalmente com modelos unidimensionais acoplados ou não com células de armazenamento de água na planície. Para o caso de rios com grandes planícies de inundação, o extravasamento de água do canal para a planície e a propagação da inundação na planície governam a passagem da onda de cheia. Caso o interesse do estudo seja representar esses processos, métodos tradicionais não são adequados e uma abordagem recente tem sido proposta baseada no acoplamento de um modelo unidimensional para simular o escoamento na calha principal e um modelo tipo raster para simular o escoamento bidimensional na planície. Este artigo discute as dificuldades e desafios para a modelagem de rios com grandes planícies de inundação e as vantagens e limitações das diferentes abordagens empregadas. É apresentado um sistema de simulação desenvolvido com esse propósito, com resultados da aplicação ao Pantanal como exemplo

Chaplygin gas with non-adiabatic pressure perturbations

Perturbations in a Chaplygin gas, characterized by an equation of state $p = -A/\rho$, may acquire non-adiabatic contributions if spatial variations of the parameter $A$ are admitted. This feature is shown to be related to a specific internal structure of the Chaplygin gas. We investigate how perturbations of this type modify the adiabatic sound speed and influence the time dependence of the gravitational potential which gives rise to the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect in the anisotropy spectrum of the cosmic microwave background.Comment: 16 pages, comments and references added, accepted for publication in Class.Quantum Gra

Salsalate treatment improves glycemia without altering adipose tissue in nondiabetic obese hispanics.

ObjectiveSalsalate treatment has well-known effects on improving glycemia, and the objective of this study was to examine whether the mechanism of this effect was related to changes in adipose tissue.MethodsA randomized double-blind and placebo-controlled trial in obese Hispanics (18-35 years) was conducted. The intervention consisted of 4 g day(-1) of salsalate (n = 11) versus placebo (n = 13) for 4 weeks. Outcome measures included glycemia, adiposity, ectopic fat, and adipose tissue gene expression and inflammation.ResultsIn those receiving salsalate, plasma fasting glucose decreased by 3.4% (P &lt; 0.01), free fatty acids decreased by 42.5% (P = 0.06), and adiponectin increased by 27.7% (P &lt; 0.01). Salsalate increased insulin AUC by 38% (P = 0.01) and HOMA-B by 47.2% (P &lt; 0.01) while estimates of insulin sensitivity/resistance were unaffected. These metabolic improvements occurred without changes in total, abdominal, visceral, or liver fat. Plasma markers of inflammation/immune activation were unchanged following salsalate. Salsalate had no effects on adipose tissue including adipocyte size, presence of crown-like structures, or gene expression of adipokines, immune cell markers, or cytokines downstream of NF-κB with the exception of downregulation of IL-1β (P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionsFindings suggest that metabolic improvements in response to salsalate occurred without alterations in adiposity, ectopic fat, or adipose tissue gene expression and inflammation

The power-law behaviours of angular spectra of polarized Galactic synchrotron

We study the angular power spectra of polarized Galactic synchrotron in the range 10<l<800, at several frequencies between 0.4 and 2.7 GHz and at several Galactic latitudes up to near the North Galactic Pole. Electric- and magnetic-parity polarization spectra are found to have slopes around alpha _{E,B} = 1.4 - 1.5 in the Parkes and Effelsberg Galactic-Plane surveys, but strong local fluctuations of alpha_{E,B} are found at | b | ~ 10 degree from the 1.4 GHz Effelsberg survey. The C_{PIl} spectrum, which is insensitive to the polarization direction, is somewhat steeper, being alpha_{PI} = 1.6 - 1.8 for the same surveys. The low-resolution multifrequency survey of Brouw and Spoelstra (1976) shows some flattening of the spectra below 1 GHz, more intense for C_{E,Bl} than for C_{PIl}. In no case we find evidence for really steep spectra. The extrapolation to the cosmological window shows that at 90 GHz the detection of E-mode harmonics in the cosmic background radiation should not be disturbed by synchrotron, even around l~10 for a reionization optical depth tau _{ri}>~0.05.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, accepted to New Astronom

An iterative destriping technique for diffuse background polarization data

We describe a simple but effective iterative procedure specifically designed to destripe Q and U Stokes parameter data as those collected by the SPOrt experiment onboard the International Space Station (ISS). The method is general enough to be useful for other experiments, both in polarization and total intensity. The only requirement for the algorithm to work properly is that the receiver knee frequency must be lower than the signal modulation frequency, corresponding in our case to the ISS orbit period. Detailed performances of the technique are presented in the context of the SPOrt experiment, both in terms of added rms noise and residual correlated noise.Comment: Accepted for publication by A&A (8 pages, 6 figures

The BaR-SPOrt Experiment

BaR-SPOrt (Balloon-borne Radiometers for Sky Polarisation Observations) is an experiment to measure the linearly polarized emission of sky patches at 32 and 90 GHz with sub-degree angular resolution. It is equipped with high sensitivity correlation polarimeters for simultaneous detection of both the U and Q stokes parameters of the incident radiation. On-axis telescope is used to observe angular scales where the expected polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMBP) peaks. This project shares most of the know-how and sophisticated technology developed for the SPOrt experiment onboard the International Space Station. The payload is designed to flight onboard long duration stratospheric balloons both in the Northern and Southern hemispheres where low foreground emission sky patches are accessible. Due to the weakness of the expected CMBP signal (in the range of microK), much care has been spent to optimize the instrument design with respect to the systematics generation, observing time efficiency and long term stability. In this contribution we present the instrument design, and first tests on some components of the 32 GHz radiometer.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation (Polaimetry in Astronomy) Hawaii August 2002 SPIE Meetin

Multi-resolution internal template cleaning: An application to the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 7-yr polarization data

Cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation data obtained by different experiments contain, besides the desired signal, a superposition of microwave sky contributions. We present a fast and robust method, using a wavelet decomposition on the sphere, to recover the CMB signal from microwave maps. An application to \textit{WMAP} polarization data is presented, showing its good performance particularly in very polluted regions of the sky. The applied wavelet has the advantages of requiring little computational time in its calculations, being adapted to the \textit{HEALPix} pixelization scheme, and offering the possibility of multi-resolution analysis. The decomposition is implemented as part of a fully internal template fitting method, minimizing the variance of the resulting map at each scale. Using a $\chi^2$ characterization of the noise, we find that the residuals of the cleaned maps are compatible with those expected from the instrumental noise. The maps are also comparable to those obtained from the \textit{WMAP} team, but in our case we do not make use of external data sets. In addition, at low resolution, our cleaned maps present a lower level of noise. The E-mode power spectrum $C_{\ell}^{EE}$ is computed at high and low resolution; and a cross power spectrum $C_{\ell}^{TE}$ is also calculated from the foreground reduced maps of temperature given by \textit{WMAP} and our cleaned maps of polarization at high resolution. These spectra are consistent with the power spectra supplied by the \textit{WMAP} team. We detect the E-mode acoustic peak at $\ell \sim 400$, as predicted by the standard $\Lambda CDM$ model. The B-mode power spectrum $C_{\ell}^{BB}$ is compatible with zero.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. Some changes have been done from the original manuscript. This paper is accepted by MNRA