757 research outputs found

    `Pure' Supernovae and Accelerated Expansion of the Universe

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    A special class of type Ia supernovae that is not subject to ordinary and additional intragalactic gray absorption and chemical evolution has been identified. Analysis of the Hubble diagrams constructed for these supernovae confirms the accelerated expansion of the Universe irrespective of the chemical evolution and possible gray absorption in galaxies.Comment: 2 figures, 1 tabl

    A Study of Lyman-Alpha Quasar Absorbers in the Nearby Universe

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    Spectroscopy of ten quasars obtained with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is presented. A clustering analysis reveals an excess of nearest neighbor line pairs on velocity scales of 250-750 km/s at a 95-98% confidence level. The hypothesis that the absorbers are randomly distributed in velocity space can be ruled out at the 99.8% confidence level. No two-point correlation power is detected (xi < 1 with 95% confidence). Lyman-alpha absorbers have correlation amplitudes on scales of 250-500 km/s at least 4-5 times smaller than the correlation amplitude of bright galaxies. A detailed comparison between absorbers in nearby galaxies is carried out on a limited subset of 11 Lyman- alpha absorbers where the galaxy sample in a large contiguous volume is complete to M_B = -16. Absorbers lie preferentially in regions of intermediate galaxy density but it is often not possible to uniquely assign a galaxy counterpart to an absorber. This sample provides no explicit support for the hypothesis that absorbers are preferentially associated with the halos of luminous galaxies. We have made a preliminary comparison of the absorption line properties and environments with the results of hydrodynamic simulations. The results suggest that the Lyman-alpha absorbers represent diffuse or shocked gas in the IGM that traces the cosmic web of large scale structure. (abridged)Comment: 36 pages of text, 15 figures, 4 tables, 36 file

    ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ вСроятностных ситуаций Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅

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    The article describes application of models of information probabilistic situations for solving problems of traffic control on the railway. The content of situational control is revealed. The difference between a visual and a Β«blindΒ» situation during vehicle’s movement is shown.The information situation around a moving object can be deterministic and stochastic. The concept of a stochastic information control situation is introduced. The choice of alternatives in stochastic control situations is characterized by organizational, technological, and informational uncertainties.This motivates development of control methods and algorithms that consider uncertainty and multicriteria in control of moving objects in such situations. Situational control can be used in automated, cyber-physical and intelligent control.The article proposes a model for controlling mobile objects based on a probabilistic approach in a stochastic situation and on the consideration of a number of stochastic factors. The model is based on calculating the probability of existence of an obstacle in the path of a vehicle. Such a model can be used under the conditions of poor visibility and a probability of receiving erroneous information from sensors. The article gives a systematics of the probabilistic characteristics of a stochastic information situation accompanying a moving object. The application of dichotomous and oppositional analysis in studying obstacles on the route has been substantiated. The model for detecting a foreign object on a traffic route is based on the assumption of the presence of reliable and erroneous information. The analysis is based on Dempster–Schafer theory. The stochastic information situation model uses the probabilistic characteristics of the presence of an obstacle on the track. The probability of an object’s existence is estimated using Bayes’ theorem. The proposed model considers three factors of the stochastic situation: informational uncertainty in the signal; false signals, sensor measurement error. The field of application of this situational model comprises digital railway, intelligent transport systems, transport cyber-physical systems.Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ описываСт ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… вСроятностных ситуаций для Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ управлСния Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅. РаскрываСтся содСрТаниС ситуационного управлСния. Показано Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ «слСпой» ситуациСй ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ транспорта.Π˜Π½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ситуация Π²ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ стохастичСской. Вводится понятиС «стохастичСская управлСнчСская информационная ситуация». Π’Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ² Π² стохастичСских управлСнчСских ситуациях характСризуСтся ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, тСхнологичСской ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ нСопрСдСлённостями. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠΎΠ² управлСния, ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‘Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ситуациях. Π‘ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ использовано Π² Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€-физичСском ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ.Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ модСль управлСния ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π° вСроятностном ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π² стохастичСской ситуации ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡Ρ‘Ρ‚Π΅ ряда стохастичСских Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ². МодСль основана Π½Π° расчётС вСроятности сущСствования прСпятствия Π½Π° ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ двиТСния транспортного ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°. Вакая модСль ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² условиях ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠΉ видимости ΠΈ возмоТности получСния ΠΎΡˆΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Π°Ρ‚Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ Π΄Π°Ρ‘Ρ‚ систСматику вСроятностных характСристик стохастичСской ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ситуации, ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚. Обосновано ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ дихотомичСского ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ прСпятствий Π½Π° трассС двиТСния. МодСль обнаруТСния постороннСго ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° Π½Π° трассС двиТСния строится Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ наличия достовСрной ΠΈ ΠΎΡˆΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ качСствС основы Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ тСория ДСмпстСра–ШафСра. МодСль стохастичСской ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ситуации ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ вСроятностныС характСристики наличия прСпятствия Π½Π° трассС. Π’Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ сущСствования ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° оцСниваСтся с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ БайСса. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ модСль ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° стохастичСской ситуации: ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‘Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² сигналС, Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ сигналы, ΠΏΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π°Ρ‚Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠžΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ примСнСния Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ситуационной ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ: цифровая ТСлСзная Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π°, ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ транспортныС систСмы, транспортныС ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅Ρ€-физичСскиС систСмы

    Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ рСгулирования

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    There are 1800 climate change laws around the world. In recent years, the rapid increase in carbon emissions has caused global warming and climate pollution, causing serious harm to social development and human health. Reducing carbon emissions is getting a lot of attention. Since the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, many countries have made efforts to reduce carbon emissions.The article describes the international processes intended to adopt regulations on greenhouse gas emissions, including the regulated market for quotas and the voluntary market for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The emphasis is on European and Russian quota mechanisms. The stages of development of transborder carbon regulation in the EU are highlighted. It is noted that in Russia, the leader in application of ESG criteria is JSC Russian Railways, as a company that is consistently pursuing the transition to implementing the principles of sustainable development.The conclusions on international trends in development of carbon regulation are followed by proposals on solutions regarding problematic aspects of the new Russian carbon legislation. According to the authors, the target scenario remains the transition to a new technological structure ensuring a real reducing the carbon footprint.Π’ ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅ сущСствуСт 1800 Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π°. Π’ послСдниС Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ рост выбросов ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π²Ρ‹Π·Π²Π°Π» глобальноС ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ загрязнСниС ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ наносит ΡΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π²Ρ€Π΅Π΄ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ общСства ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒΡŽ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π‘ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ выбросов ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ большоС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ПослС подписания ΠšΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠŸΠ°Ρ€ΠΈΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ соглашСния ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ страны прСдприняли усилия ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ выбросов ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ описаниС ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… процСссов рСгулирования ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… выбросов, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΊΠ° сокращСния выбросов ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ². АкцСнт сдСлан Π½Π° СвропСйских ΠΈ российских ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Ρ… квотирования. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ этапы развития трансграничного ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ рСгулирования Π² Π•Π‘. ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² России Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² ESG выступаСт ОАО Β«Π Π–Π”Β» ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ компания, которая ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ осущСствляСт ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² устойчивого развития.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… тСндСнциях развития ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ рСгулирования, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ для ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… аспСктов Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ российского ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°. По мнСнию Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Ρ†Π΅Π»Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ сцСнариСм остаСтся ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ тСхнологичСский ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ с Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ сниТСниСм ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ слСда

    Recording and light scattering on dynamic holographic gratings in Sr0.61Ba0.39Nb2O6: 0.002 wt.% CeO2 crystal

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    This work was supported by VolkswagenStiftung, Grant No. Az. 90.261 and Presidium RAS Program No. 5: β€œPhotonic technologies in probing inhomogeneous media and biological objects”

    Formation of Millisecond Pulsars from Accretion Induced Collapse and Constraints on Pulsar Gamma Ray Burst Models

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    We study accretion induced collapse of magnetized white dwarfs as an origin of millisecond pulsars. We apply magnetized accretion disk models to the pre-collapse accreting magnetic white dwarfs and calculate the white dwarf spin evolution. If the pulsar magnetic field results solely from the flux-frozen fossil white dwarf field, a typical millisecond pulsar is born with a field strength ∼1011βˆ’1012G\sim 10^{11}-10^{12}G. The uncertainty in the field strength is mainly due to the uncertain physical parameters of the magnetized accretion disk models. A simple correlation between the pulsar spin Ξ©βˆ—\Omega_* and the magnetic field Bβˆ—B_*, (Ξ©βˆ—/104sβˆ’1)∼(Bβˆ—/1011G)βˆ’4/5(\Omega_*/10^4s^{-1})\sim (B_{*}/10^{11}G)^{-4/5}, is derived for a typical accretion rate \sim 5\times 10^{-8}M_{\sun}/yr. This correlation remains valid for a wide pre-collapse physical conditions unless the white dwarf spin and the binary orbit are synchronized prior to accretion induced collapse. We critically examine the possibility of spin-orbit synchronization in close binary systems. Using idealized homogeneous ellipsoid models, we compute the electromagnetic and gravitational wave emission from the millisecond pulsars and find that electromagnetic dipole emission remains nearly constant while millisecond pulsars may spin up rather than spin down as a result of gravitational wave emission. We also derive the physical conditions under which electromagnetic emission from millisecond pulsars formed by accretion induced collapse can be a source of cosmological gamma-ray bursts. We find that relativistic beaming of gamma-ray emission and precession of gamma-ray emitting jets are required unless the dipole magnetic field strengths are >1015>10^{15}G; such strong dipole fields are in excess of those allowed from the accretion induced collapse formation process except in spin-orbit synchronization.Comment: 36 pages, AASLATEX, 4 ps figures, Ap

    Цифровая ТСлСзная Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π°: ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ

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    For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version).ABSTRACT The article is devoted to the study of a digital railway as of a complex technical and technological system having a connection with the digital economy. The main technological components of the digital railway are shown. The principles of block management, principles of radio monitoring, interdependence of digital logistics and digital railway are described. The role of cyber physical systems in development of the digital railway, the prospects of digitalization in ensuring safe automation and seamless integration of all modes of transport are emphasized. Keywords: transport, management, digital railway, complex systems, digital economy, digital logistics, digital models, block management.ВСкст Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π³Π». языкС ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ тСкст ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π³Π». языкС находится Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Ρ„Π°ΠΉΠ»Π΅ ΠŸΠ”Π€ (Π°Π½Π³Π». вСрсия слСдуСт послС русской вСрсии).Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ посвящСна исслСдованию Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ слоТной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-тСхнологичСской систСмы, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ связь с Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ экономикой. ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ основныС тСхнологичСскиС ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ. ΠžΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ управлСния, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, взаимозависимости Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ логистики ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡Ρ‘Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ кибСрфизичСских систСм Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, пСрспСктивы Ρ†ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² обСспСчСнии бСзопасной Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ бСсшовной ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ всСх Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² транспорта
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