Detection, control, and prevention of photobacteriosis in cobia culture in Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a detecção, o controle e a prevenção de fotobacteriose em cultivo de bijupirá. Essa doença é causada pela bactéria Photobacterium damselae, que, juntamente com outros fatores, pode estar sendo responsável pela estagnação no crescimento da produção nacional de bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum). Essa bactéria é considerada um dos principais patógenos de peixes marinhos cultivados, tendo sido responsável por importantes prejuízos econômicos em diversos países. No Brasil, essa bactéria ainda não recebeu a devida importância, apesar de já ter sido detectada como causadora de mortalidades nos cultivos de bijupirá. Photobacterium damselae possui duas subespécies, piscicida e damselae, que podem ser consideradas ameaças sanitárias, respectivamente, em relação à atividade econômica da piscicultura marinha e em relação à saúde humana. Neste trabalho, são apresentadas algumas estratégias de detecção, controle e prevenção. Enfatiza-se, também, a necessidade de um melhor acompanhamento sanitário nos cultivos de bijupirá e a importância da vacinação contra esse patógeno.The objective of this work was to analyse the detection, control, and prevention of photobacteriosis in cobia culture. This disease is caused by Photobacterium damselae bacterium, which, along with other factors, might be responsible for the stagnation in the development of national cobia (Rachycentron canadum) culture. This bacterium is considered one of the most important pathogens in marine fish culture, and it was responsible for major economic losses in a variety of countries. In Brazil, this bacterium has not yet getten proper attention, even though it was shown to have caused mortality in several cultured cobia fish. Photobacterium damselae has two subspecies, piscicida and damselae, which may be considered sanitary threats both to marine aquaculture economic activities and to human health, respectively. This paper presents some detection, control, and prevention strategies. It also emphasizes the need for a better sanitary control in cobia culture and the importance of vaccination against this pathogen

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

<b>Monoculture of the ciliate protozoan <i>Euplotes</i> sp. (Ciliophora; Hypotrichia) fed with different diets</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i1.11795

Ciliate protozoa of the genus<em> Euplotes</em> commonly appears contaminating mass cultures of rotifers but also with potential to be used as live food in the larviculture of marine fish. To obtain a monoculture of <em>Euplotes </em>sp., three diets were tested: 1) microalgae <em>Nannochloropsis oculata</em>, 2) commercial diet for rotifers Culture Selco 3000, and 3) baker’s yeast (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae)</em>. The ciliates were inoculated at 10 ind. mL^-¹. On day 5, protozoa densities in the groups fed the commercial diet (1,911.0 ± 248.7 ind. mL^-¹) and the baker’s yeast (2,600.0 ± 195.3 ind. mL^-1) did not differ, but were higher than the group fed microalgae (2.0 ± 1.4 ind. mL^-1) (p < 0.05). On day 6, the density in the group fed baker’s yeast was higher (15,484.0 ± 1,164.9 ind. mL^-¹) than in the groups fed microalgae (3.0 ± 1.4 ind. mL^-¹) or commercial diet (11,287.0 ± 1,468.0 ind. mL^-¹). An exponential growth curve was observed for the protozoa fed baker’s yeast (R² = 0.992; p < 0.05) and commercial diet (R² = 0.979; p < 0.05). The microalgae diet did not result in satisfactory growth of the protozoan. Feeding baker’s yeast or commercial rotifer’s diet to a monoculture of <em>Euplotes </em>sp. can result in very high densities of this protozoan. <p class="apalavrachave"> </p