35 research outputs found
Administration of oxygen ultra-fine bubbles improves nerve dysfunction in a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model
Ultra-fine bubbles (<200 nm in diameter) have several unique properties and have been tested in various medical fields. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oxygen ultra-fine bubbles (OUBs) on a sciatic nerve crush injury (SNC) model rats. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with 1.5 mL saline, OUBs diluted in saline, or nitrogen ultra-fine bubbles (NUBs) diluted in saline three times per week for 4 weeks in four groups: (1) control, (sham operation + saline); (2) SNC, (crush + saline); (3) SNC+OUB, (crush + OUB-saline); (4) SNC+NUB, (crush + NUB-saline). The effects of the OUBs on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and Schwann cells (SCs) were examined by serial dilution of OUB medium in vitro. Sciatic functional index, paw withdrawal thresholds, nerve conduction velocity, and myelinated axons were significantly decreased in the SNC group compared to the control group; these parameters were significantly improved in the SNC+OUB group, although NUB treatment did not affect these parameters. In vitro, OUBs significantly promoted neurite outgrowth in DRG neurons by activating AKT signaling and SC proliferation by activating ERK1/2 and JNK/c-JUN signaling. OUBs may improve nerve dysfunction in SNC rats by promoting neurite outgrowth in DRG neurons and SC proliferation.Matsuoka H., Ebina K., Tanaka H., et al. Administration of oxygen ultra-fine bubbles improves nerve dysfunction in a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, 1395 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19051395
Utility of Distal Forearm DXA as a Screening Tool for Primary Osteoporotic Fragility Fractures of the Distal Radius A Case-Control Study
Background: Osteoporotic fragility fractures frequently occur at the distal part of the radius. This suggests that initial osteoporosis evaluation at this site may inform screening and treatment to prevent additional fractures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of distal forearm dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a screening tool to assess the risk of fragility fractures at the distal part of the radius. Methods: This retrospective, case-control study included postmenopausal women who had sustained a distal radial fracture (fracture group, n = 110) and postmenopausal women with no history of fracture (control group, n = 95). DXA measurements at the spine, hip, and distal part of the forearm (ultra-distal, mid-distal, and one-third distal sections) were compared between the groups on the basis of bone mineral density (BMD), T-score, and the proportion of patients with a T-score of 壉2.5 standard deviations (SD). We also investigated the regional differences on the basis of T-score among the skeletal sites. Furthermore, the reliability of distal forearm DXA measurements was validated by assessing the statistical correlation (r) with volumetric BMD by computed tomography (CT). Results: Compared with the control group, the fracture group showed significantly lower BMD and T-scores and higher proportions of patients with a T-score of 壉2.5 SD at the ultra-distal, mid-distal, and one-third distal forearm; however, the spine and hip measurements did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. With respect to regional differences, in the fracture group, T-scores were significantly lower and the proportions of patients with a T-score of 壉2.5 SD were significantly higher for the 3 distal forearm sites compared with the spine and hip. DXA measurements at all 3 of the distal forearm regions exhibited high correlation with volumetric BMD by CT (r = 0.83 to 0.92). Conclusions: Some postmenopausal women were found to exhibit bone loss preferentially at the distal part of the radius, which may render them vulnerable to fragility fractures. Forearm DXA for the assessment of local bone loss may demonstrate benefit in screening for those at risk for distal radial fractures and facilitate the early identification of patients who require intervention for osteoporosis. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.Miyamura S., Kuriyama K., Ebina K., et al. Utility of Distal Forearm DXA as a Screening Tool for Primary Osteoporotic Fragility Fractures of the Distal Radius A Case-Control Study. JBJS Open Access 5, E0036 (2020); https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.OA.19.00036
Chiral Monolayers with Achiral Tetrapod Molecules on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite
é沢倧åŠçå·¥ç 究åç©è³ªååŠç³»The self-assembly of organic molecules at the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) is a promising process for constructing molecular-scale architectures. However, selectable organic molecules are generally restricted to two-dimensional molecules with planar Ã-conjugated structures and alkyl chains. We herein present the formation of self-assembled monolayers of tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)methane (TEPM) having a three-dimensional (3D) tetrapod geometry on HOPG, which was achieved by utilizing a simple spin-coating method. The arrangements of TEPM molecules in the monolayers were investigated using frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM). The resulting subnanometer-resolution FM-AFM images revealed that the TEPM molecules formed linear rows with a periodicity of 0.85 nm oriented in a parallel configuration but with two alternating intervals of 0.7 and 1.0 nm. Moreover, the TEPM monolayers were classified into two chiral types with a relationship of mutual mirror-image symmetry, according to the observed molecular arrangements. Our results demonstrate the capability of TEPM molecules to act as 3D building blocks for the design of molecular-scale architectures at interfaces. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society
Acoustic properties of co-doped AlN thin films at low temperatures studied by picosecond ultrasonics
Nagakubo A., Arita M., Yokoyama T., et al. "Acoustic properties of co-doped AlN thin films at low temperatures studied by picosecond ultrasonics", Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 54(7), 07HD01 (2015) https://doi.org/10.7567/JJAP.54.07HD01
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The X3Σ- ground state of WO
The WO molecule was formed as an impurity during the excitation of a mixture of WCl6 vapor and He in a microwave discharge lamp. The emission spectra were recorded using a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. A rotational analysis of the strong bands in the 9000-25000 cm-1 interval has been carried out and the bands have been classified into two groups with different lower states. The two lower states have been assigned as the Ω=0+ and Ω=1 spin components of the X3Σ- ground state. Ab initio calculations have also been performed and they confirm our experimental assignments. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe