52 research outputs found
Effect of a selective GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, on the opioid-induced antinociception and rewarding effect
The management of excessive adverse effects is a major clinical problem. Multiple approaches have been described to address this problem. Successful pain management with opioids required the adequate analgesia without excessive side effects. The present study was designed to investigatethe effect of a selective GABAB receptor agonist baclofen on the opioid induced antinociception and rewarding effect. In the present study, we confirmed that either morphine or fentanyl produced a dose dependent antinociceptive effect in mice using tail-flick test. The results demonstratedthat co-administration of baclofen with morphine, fentanyl or oxycodone produced the synergistic effect on antinociception in mice. In the place preference study, we found that baclofen inhibited on morphine or fentanylinduced place preference in rats. These results suggest that coadministrationof baclofen with opioids produce synergistic antinociception with less effects of place preference We propose here that co-administration of baclofen with opioids may pave the way for the new strategy for the control of pain and recommended for the adjuvant drug.Key words : opioid, place preference, rewarding effects, baclofe
<ORIGINAL ARTICLE>Histologic investigation of tissue surrounding bone in a HA-coated implant supported super structure with and without stress-absorbing elements
The effectiveness of the implant-supported overdentures has been attracted attention for edentulous patients, and a number of studies have been reported. Implant-supported overdentures refer to implant-retained tissue-borne overdentures and it is different from the implant-supported fixed partial dentures recommended by Branemark. In implant-supported overdentures, the functional load may concentrate on implant where there is rigid connection. Loaded implants may cause a resorption of surrounding bone, leading to malfunction, loosing, and the ultimate failure of the implant. The present study reports a stress-absorbing element using a resilient compound designed as the super structure of a two-piece titanium core with hydroxyapatite coated cylinder implants, to avoid stress concentrations, and a histological comparison of the surrounding bone tissue with rigid elements. No notable histological differences were observed in the trabecular patterns by contact microradiography and light microscopy
CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING). IX. CO(=2-1)/CO(=1-0) line ratio on kiloparsec scales
While molecular gas mass is usually derived from CO(=1-0) - the
most fundamental line to explore molecular gas - it is often derived from
CO(=2-1) assuming a constant CO(=2-1)/CO(=1-0)
line ratio (). We present variations of and effects of the
assumption that is a constant in 24 nearby galaxies using CO
data obtained with the Nobeyama 45-m radio telescope and IRAM 30-m telescope.
The median of for all galaxies is 0.61, and the weighted mean of
by CO(=1-0) integrated-intensity is 0.66 with a standard
deviation of 0.19. The radial variation of shows that it is high
(~0.8) in the inner ~1 kpc while its median in disks is nearly constant at 0.60
when all galaxies are compiled. In the case that the constant of 0.7
is adopted, we found that the total molecular gas mass derived from
CO(=2-1) is underestimated/overestimated by ~20%, and at most by 35%.
The scatter of a molecular gas surface density within each galaxy becomes
larger by ~30%, and at most by 120%. Indices of the spatially resolved
Kennicutt-Schmidt relation by CO(=2-1) are underestimated by 10-20%,
at most 39% in 17 out of 24 galaxies. has good positive correlations
with star-formation rate and infrared color, and a negative correlation with
molecular gas depletion time. There is a clear tendency of increasing
with increasing kinetic temperature (). Further, we found that not
only but also pressure of molecular gas is important to
understand variations of . Special considerations should be made when
discussing molecular gas mass and molecular gas properties inferred from
CO(=2-1) instead of CO(=1-0).Comment: 29 pages, 18 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in PASJ. The
original resolution version is available here
(https://astro3.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/~radio/coming/publications/COMING_IX_org_res.pdf
Successful Surgical Treatment of a Spontaneous Rupture of the Esophagus Diagnosed Two Days after Onset
Esophageal perforation is a relatively uncommon disease with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment occurs in more than 50% of cases, leading to a mortality rate of 40–60%. Primary repair is generally considered the gold standard for patients who present within the first 24 h following perforation of the esophagus. In this paper, we present a case of successful surgical treatment of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus that was diagnosed 2 days after onset. The patient was a 42-year-old man admitted to internal medicine with a diagnosis of pleuritis and complaining of chest and back pain. The next day, computed tomography revealed left-sided pleural effusion and mediastinal emphysema. An esophagogram revealed extravasation of the contrast medium from the lower left esophagus to the mediastinal cavity. These results confirmed a rupture of the esophagus, and an emergency left thoracotomy was performed. The perforation was repaired with a single-layered closure and was covered with elevated great omentum obtained by laparotomy. The patient was discharged 23 days after the first surgery. In conclusion, primary repair surgery must be selected as the best treatment beyond 24 h if the patient's general state was stable and there was no evidence of clinical sepsis
CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING). III. Dynamical effect on molecular gas density and star formation in the barred spiral galaxy NGC 4303
We present the results of CO(=1-0) and CO(=1-0)
simultaneous mappings toward the nearby barred spiral galaxy NGC 4303 as a part
of the CO Multi-line Imaging of Nearby Galaxies (COMING) project. Barred spiral
galaxies often show lower star-formation efficiency (SFE) in their bar region
compared to the spiral arms. In this paper, we examine the relation between the
SFEs and the volume densities of molecular gas in the eight
different regions within the galactic disk with CO data combined with archival
far-ultraviolet and 24 m data. We confirmed that SFE in the bar region is
lower by 39% than that in the spiral arms. Moreover, velocity-alignment
stacking analysis was performed for the spectra in the individual regions. The
integrated intensity ratios of CO to CO () range from
10 to 17 as the results of stacking. Fixing a kinetic temperature of molecular
gas, was derived from via non-local thermodynamic
equilibrium (non-LTE) analysis. The density in the bar is lower
by 31-37% than that in the arms and there is a rather tight positive
correlation between SFEs and , with a correlation coefficient of
. Furthermore, we found a dependence of on the velocity
dispersion of inter-molecular clouds (). Specifically,
increases as increases when km s. On the other hand, decreases as increases when km s. These relations
indicate that the variations of SFE could be caused by the volume densities of
molecular gas, and the volume densities could be governed by the dynamical
influence such as cloud-cloud collisions, shear and enhanced inner-cloud
turbulence.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in PAS
EMPRESS. IX. Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies are Very Gas-Rich Dispersion-Dominated Systems: Will JWST Witness Gaseous Turbulent High-z Primordial Galaxies?
We present kinematics of 6 local extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) with
low metallicities () and low stellar masses
(). Taking deep medium-high resolution
() integral-field spectra with 8.2-m Subaru, we resolve the small
inner velocity gradients and dispersions of the EMPGs with H emission.
Carefully masking out sub-structures originated by inflow and/or outflow, we
fit 3-dimensional disk models to the observed H flux, velocity, and
velocity-dispersion maps. All the EMPGs show rotational velocities () of 5--23 km s smaller than the velocity dispersions
() of 17--31 km s, indicating dispersion-dominated () systems affected by inflow and/or outflow. Except
for two EMPGs with large uncertainties, we find that the EMPGs have very large
gas-mass fractions of . Comparing our results with
other H kinematics studies, we find that
decreases and increases with decreasing metallicity, decreasing
stellar mass, and increasing specific star-formation rate. We also find that
simulated high- () forming galaxies have gas fractions and dynamics
similar to the observed EMPGs. Our EMPG observations and the simulations
suggest that primordial galaxies are gas-rich dispersion-dominated systems,
which would be identified by the forthcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
observations at .Comment: Submitted to ApJ; After revisio
Replication of Epstein-Barr Virus Primary Infection in Human Tonsil Tissue Explants
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may cause a variety of virus-associated diseases, but no antiviral agents have yet been developed against this virus. Animal models are thus indispensable for the pathological analysis of EBV-related infections and the elucidation of therapeutic methods. To establish a model system for the study of EBV infection, we tested the ability of B95–8 virus and recombinant EBV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to replicate in human lymphoid tissue. Human tonsil tissues that had been surgically removed during routine tonsillectomy were sectioned into small blocks and placed on top of collagen sponge gels in culture medium at the air-interface, then a cell-free viral suspension was directly applied to the top of each tissue block. Increasing levels of EBV DNA in culture medium were observed after 12–15 days through 24 days post-infection in tissue models infected with B95–8 and EGFP-EBV. Expression levels of eight EBV-associated genes in cells collected from culture medium were increased during culture. EBV-encoded small RNA-positive cells were detected in the interfollicular areas in paraffin-embedded sections. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that most EGFP+ cells were CD3− CD56− CD19+ HLA-DR+, and represented both naïve (immunoglobulin D+) and memory (CD27+) B cells. Moreover, EBV replication in this model was suppressed by acyclovir treatment in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that this model has potential for use in the pathological analysis of local tissues at the time of primary infection, as well as for screening novel antiviral agents
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