日本の学士課程教育における効果的／非効果的アクティブ・ラーニングに関する質的分析

This paper examined effective and ineffective attempts to integrate active learning into Japanese undergraduate classes. We found that effective programs had high teacher involvement, clearly explained learning objectives, and clear lines of communication between instructors and field settings.本稿は，日本の高等教育における効果的／非効果的とされているアクティブ・ラーニングの実践を考察した。その結果，効果的だったアクティブ・ラーニングの実践では，教員がしっかりと学生活動に関与し，学習の目的を明確に説明しており，大学と活動先との間でしっかりとコミュニケーションが図られていた

Weak activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase toward Bisphenol analogs in mouse perinatal development

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used industrial chemical that disrupts endocrine function. BPA is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) that has been demonstrated to affect reproductive organ development, brain development, metabolic disease and post-natal behavior. Accordingly, Bisphenol analogs, Bisphenol F (BPF, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane) and Bisphenol AF (BPAF, 4,4-hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenol) are used as replacements for BPA. BPA is mainly metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), UGT2B1, but this effective metabolizing system is weak in the fetus. In the present study, we demonstrated that hepatic UGT activity toward BPAF was very weak, in comparison with BPA and BPF, in the fetus, pups and dams. Conversely, hepatic UGT activity toward BPF was very weak in the fetus and newborn pups, and was increased to the same level as BPA post-partum. In conclusion, BPAF possibly tends to accumulate in the fetus, because of weak metabolism during the perinatal period, suggesting that the metabolism of individual Bisphenol analogs requires assessment to properly gauge their risks