Short-term and long-term comparisons of laparoscopy-assisted proximal gastrectomy with esophagogastrostomy by the double-flap technique and laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy for proximal gastric cancer

Background Although proximal gastrectomy (PG) is a recognized surgical procedure for early proximal gastric cancer, total gastrectomy (TG) is sometimes selected due to concern about severe gastroesophageal reflux. Esophagogastrostomy by the double-flap technique (DFT) is an anti-reflux reconstruction after PG, and its short-term effectiveness has been reported. However, little is known about the long-term effects on nutritional status and quality of life (QOL). Methods Gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopy-assisted PG (LAPG) with DFT or laparoscopy-assisted TG (LATG) between April 2011 and March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were reviewed to assess nutritional status, and the Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale (PGSAS)-45 was used to assess QOL. Results A total of 36 patients (LATG: 17, LAPG: 19) were enrolled. Four of 17 LATG patients (24%) were diagnosed with Stage ≥II after surgery, and half received S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. BW and PNI were better maintained in LAPG than in LATG patients until 1-year follow-up. Seven of 16 LATG patients (44%) were categorized as “underweight (BMI Conclusions LAPG with DFT was superior to LATG in postoperative nutritional maintenance, and can be the first option for early proximal gastric cancer

Local oncolytic adenovirotherapy produces an abscopal effect via tumor-derived extracellular vesicles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in various intercellular communication processes. The abscopal effect is an interesting phenomenon in cancer treatment, in which immune activation is generally considered a main factor. We previously developed a telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus, Telomelysin (OBP-301), and occasionally observed therapeutic effects on distal tumors after local treatment in immunodeficient mice. In this study, we hypothesized that EVs may be involved in the abscopal effect of OBP-301. EVs isolated from the supernatant of HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells treated with OBP-301 were confirmed to contain OBP-301, and they showed cytotoxic activity (apoptosis and autophagy) similar to OBP-301. In bilateral subcutaneous HCT116 and CT26 tumor models, intratumoral administration of OBP-301 produced potent antitumor effects on tumors that were not directly treated with OBP-301, involving direct mediation by tumor-derived EVs containing OBP-301. This indicates that immune activation is not the main factor in this abscopal effect. Moreover, tumor-derived EVs exhibited high tumor tropism in orthotopic HCT116 rectal tumors, in which adenovirus E1A and adenovirus type 5 proteins were observed in metastatic liver tumors after localized rectal tumor treatment. In conclusion, local treatment with OBP-301 has the potential to produce abscopal effects via tumor-derived EVs

Immune Modulation by Telomerase-Specific Oncolytic Adenovirus Synergistically Enhances Antitumor Efficacy with Anti-PD1 Antibody

The clinical benefit of monotherapy involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-programmed death-1 antibody (PD-1 Ab) is limited to small populations. We previously developed a telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus, Telomelysin (OBP-301), the safety of which was confirmed in a phase I clinical study. Here, we examined the potential of OBP-502, an OBP-301 variant, as an agent for inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) and synergistically enhancing the efficacy of OBP-502 with PD-1 Ab using CT26 murine colon cancer and PAN02 murine pancreatic cancer cell lines. OBP-502 induced the release of ICD molecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) from CT26 and PAN02 cells, leading to recruitment of CD8-positive lymphocytes and inhibition of Foxp3-positive lymphocyte infiltration into tumors. Combination therapy involving OBP-502 intratumoral administration and PD-1 Ab systemic administration significantly suppressed the growth of not only OBP-502-treated tumors but also tumors not treated with OBP-502 (so-called abscopal effect) in CT26 and PAN02 bilateral subcutaneous tumor models, in which active recruitment of CD8-positve lymphocytes was observed even in tumors not treated with OBP-502. This combined efficacy was similar to that observed in a CT26 rectal orthotopic tumor model involving liver metastases. In conclusion, telomerase-specific oncolytic adenoviruses are promising candidates for combined therapies with ICIs

竹炭添加乾燥生ごみがトウガラシ類の品質に及ぼす影響

竹炭添加乾燥生ごみは,竹炭の添加量を増加することで,水分以外の油分,塩分の含有量と臭気発生量が減少することがわかった。トウガラシ類の栽培実験では,生ごみに竹炭を5%加えて乾燥させたものでは,収穫量と根重量が増加したが,シシトウガラシの総アスコルビン酸と無機成分含有量,辛味発現と低温障害発生には,明らかな影響は見られなかった。以上より,竹炭を使うことで,地域環境の保全と,生ごみの肥料化への有効利用が図れることから,循環型社会における1つのモデルとして提案できると考える。本研究の一部は,文部科学省科学研究費(基盤研究B.1, 14380036)により行なわれた。The role of bamboo charcoal was studied that effect on the produce and the quality of peppers. It was also compared these results with three years. Production of total volatile compound (T) from dry garbage was 324 UN/ min/ g, nitrogenous compound (N) was 170 UN/ min/ g and sulfuric compound (S) was 627 UN/ min/ g. In no addition to 50% bamboo charcoal for fresh garbage addition, dry garbage content of water was increased 6% to 14%, the oil, salt and volatile compounds were decreased. The oil content was especially 27% to 5%, salt content was 8% to 2%. The volatile compounds of T was 1328 to 115, N was 172 to 58, S was 6913 to 633, respectively. Dry garbage added bamboo charcoal was well keeping off-flavor. The optimum culture condition of pepper yield was dry garbage including 5% bamboo charcoal for Shishitougarashi. It was found that no addition for Bell pepper, and 5% bamboo charcoal only for Manganji were a good crop condition. In var. Shishitougarashi, culture condition of the most hot taste occurrence was no addition and that of the least one was dry garbage with 5% bamboo charcoal. The compost of dry garbage including 5% bamboo charcoal had a good effect to produce of peppers. It is recommendation that utilization of bamboo charcoal to garbage compost is contributed the sustainable life style. (Accepted September 9, 2003