Temporal and spatial variations of the total electron content from the high-latitde to equatorial ionosphere during a geomagnetic storm on 27 and 28 September 2017

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OS] Space and upper atmospheric sciences, Wed. 4 Dec. /Entrance Hall (1st floor) at National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR

Northward-propagating nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances observed with SuperDARN Hokkaido HF radar and GEONET

We report on the characteristics of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) propagating northward observed with the SuperDARN Hokkaido HF radar, which has a field of view to the north of Japan, and occasionally with the GNSS Earth Observation NETwork (GEONET), which provides total electron content (TEC) data over Japan. From statistical analysis of MSTIDs observed with the Hokkaido radar during nighttime (1700–0700 LT) from January 2007 to July 2009, we find that these MSTIDs traveling northward, although rare in comparison with those traveling southwestward, have a relatively high occurrence rate after sunset and around midnight in May and August, which is partly consistent with the occurrence rate of MSTIDs over Japan observed with GEONET in 2002, when the MSTID event database is available. We also use the data from simultaneous observation of nightside MSTIDs by the Hokkaido radar and GEONET to find that when the HF radar observed northward-propagating MSTIDs, GEONET did not always observe such MSTIDs with the same propagation direction. Judging from this result and considering the HF radar field of view located to the north of the GEONET coverage area, we speculate that some physical parameters of the ionosphere/thermosphere over Japan differ from those to the north of Japan, which may result in the inconsistency of MSTID propagation direction. The present results provide new knowledge of MSTIDs propagating northward using the Hokkaido radar, whose field of view was not covered by GEONET

Pengesanan gelembung plasma di dalam lapisan ionosfera menggunakan penerima GPS di Asia Tenggara

Lapisan ionosfera berhampiran kawasan khatulistiwa geomagnetik sering terdedah kepada gangguan pada waktu malam yang dikenali sebagai gelembung plasma (PBB). Kehadiran PBB boleh meningkatkan kadar perubahan amplitud dan fasa isyarat radio yang melaluinya dan memberi kesan terhadap sistem komunikasi dan navigasi. PBB biasanya terjadi secara berturutan dengan satu demi satu struktur muncul pada waktu senja. Walau bagaimanapun, waktu dan lokasi kemunculan PBB tidak dapat diramal kerana punca awal pembentukannya masih belum dikenal pasti. Walaupun pelbagai peralatan telah dibangunkan untuk mencerap PBB, namun setiap alat pengukuran dibataskan oleh resolusi ruang dan masa. Dalam kajian ini, struktur PBB dalam dua dimensi (2D) dicerap menggunakan rangkaian penerima GPS dengan kepadatan yang tinggi di Asia Tenggara. Data GPS dikumpulkan daripada 127 stesen penerima dengan jarak sekitar 30 hingga 120 km di antara satu sama lain. Jumlah kandungan elektron (TEC) diperoleh berdasarkan perbezaan antara dua isyarat yang dipancarkan oleh setiap satelit GPS. Kehadiran PBB dikesan menggunakan indeks kadar perubahan TEC (ROTI) bagi semua laluan isyarat dari satelit kepada penerima. Struktur 2D PBB diperoleh dengan mempuratakan data GPS ROTI ke dalam grid bersaiz 0.45o latitud × 0.45o longitud dan dipetakan pada ketinggian 300 km. Kajian kes pada malam 18 Mac 2011 menunjukkan kemunculan enam struktur PBB yang berturutan pada waktu senja apeks di sepanjang longitud 95oT hingga 120oT. Struktur-struktur PBB tersebut muncul dengan jarak di antara 100 hingga 550 km. Jarak kemunculan sturuktur PBB memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan punca pembentukannya yang dipercayai berbentuk seakan gelombang

Equatorial Electrojet and electron density over Southeast Asian Region during moderate solar activity condition

125-131The study presents a simultaneous variation of equatorial electrojet (EEJ) current and the ionospheric F2-layer maximum electron density (NmF2) during geomagnetic quiet days and moderate solar conditions (solar radio flux, 10.7 120 sfu). The geomagnetic measurements at Kotatobang (KTB) and Langkawi (LKW) stations have been used to estimate the magnetic daily variation in H-component and in deriving EEJ. The NmF2 data set is from Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FM-CW), an analogue ionosonde located at the KTB station. The study examines both the diurnal and seasonal variation in EEJ and the corresponding effect on the measured NmF2. The results obtained show that the derived EEJ at LKW shows a daytime peak which coincides with the period NmF2 measurement at KTB station depleted to a daytime low value. The role of EEJ at the LKW station correlates poorly with the NmF2 at KTB in which their correlation coefficient (r) is in the range of 0.02 to 0.04 for equinox, summer and winter, respectively. However, an r-value of 0.33 was observed when the whole data set for the year 2012 was considered. The poor correlation coefficient between derived EEJ and NmF2 measured at KTB during the moderate solar condition suggest that EEJ has little or no influence on the prevailing ionospheric condition at a low latitude station located outside the EEJ strip

GPS scintillation during storm-time substorms

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第36回極域宙空圏シンポジウム 11月27日（火） 国立極地研究所 2階大会議

Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances and Plasma Bubbles Observed by an All-Sky Airglow Imager at Yonaguni, Japan

We report on night time air glow imaging observations of the low latitude ionosphere by means of a 630-m all-sky imager in stalled in March 2006 at Yonaguni, Japan (24.5°N, 123.0°E; 14.6°N geomagnetic), about 100 km east of Taiwan. The imager detected medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) for about 7 hours on the night of 26 May 2006. A dense GPS net work in Japan also ob served the same MSTID event on this night. The imager and GEONET data indicate that most of the MSTIDs prop a gated south west ward from the north of Japan to the south of Yonaguni and Taiwan over 4000 km, with a southern limit of 19°N (geomagnetic latitude 9°N) or lower. On the night of 10 November 2006, the imager observed two weak emission bands that were embedded on the F-region anomaly crest to the south of Yonaguni. The simultaneous electron density profiles from the FORMOSAT-3/COS MIC mission demonstrate that the weak emission bands are due to density depletions in equatorial plasma bubbles. These case studies suggest that the Yonaguni imager in collaboration with other instruments is very suit able for the study of ionospheric disturbances in and around the northern F-region anomaly crest

テイキドウ エイセイ ト チジョウ GPS ジュシンキモウ ノ TEC データ デ カンソク サレタ SED ノ コウド コウゾウ

低軌道衛星搭載GPS 受信機と地上GPS 受信機網の電離圏全電子数(Total Electron Content; TEC)データを用いて,地磁気擾じょうらん乱時に北半球電離圏において赤道異常帯から北西方向へ高電子密度領域が細長く伸びる現象,Storm-enhanced density(SED)の電子密度高度構造の解明を行った.本研究では北米大陸でSED が発生していた2 つの事例に対し,Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)衛星搭載のGPS 受信機による高度500?20000 km のTEC データ(GRACE-TEC)と,地上-GPS 衛星間TEC データを用いて,SED の観測を行った.その結果,2 つのSED を観測し,GRACE-TEC データでは,地上-GPS 衛星間TEC データよりも3-5° 程度高い緯度でSED が観測されることが明らかになった.これは,SED の低緯度側では高度500 km以上にあるプラズマは高度500 km 以下にあるプラズマの? 程度であるが,SED の高緯度側では高度500 km 以上にあるプラズマは高度500 km 以下にあるプラズマの1.1-2.7 倍であり,SED 内部において,高緯度ほど高い高度にプラズマ密度が増加しているためである.このような緯度-高度構造は,SED 内部の増加した東向き電場によるE×B ドリフトによるものと解釈される.The altitudinal structure of Storm-enhanced density (SED) was studied using the Total Electron Content (TEC) data of the GPS receiver on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite and the ground-based GPS receivers. The GRACETEC-data are derived from the GPS receiver on the GRACE satellite. A SED is a high-electron density phenomenon that extends from the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) toward the north-west in the northern hemisphere during geomagnetic disturbed time. TwoSEDs were observed as TEC variations in the GRACE-TEC data and in the ground-GPS TEC data. The ground-GPS TEC data is the TEC data between the ground GPS receiver and the GPS satellites. The SED observed in the GRACE-TEC data appeared at higher latitudes than that in the ground-GPS TEC data. We concluded detected that the altitudinal structure of the SED would be different between at lower than at higher latitudes due to the effects of the eastward E×B drift

イオノゾンデ オヨビ ファブリ・ペロー カンショウケイ ニ ヨッテ カンソク サレタ シゴメン ネツケンフウ ノ ヒカク

電離圏ダイナミクスに大きく寄与する熱圏風についての理解を深めるため,イオノゾンデの磁気共役点観測により推定された南北方向の熱圏風(推定熱圏風)と,ファブリ・ペロー干渉計(FPI)観測により直接測定された南北方向の熱圏風との相関を調べた.推定熱圏風は,磁気共役点における熱圏風は等しい(赤道横断風モードが卓越する)という仮定のもとで導出される.2 つの手法で観測された夜間の熱圏風を比較するのは本研究が初めてである.2010 年のチェンマイ(タイ)とコトタバン(インドネシア)のイオノゾンデとFPI データを比較した結果,両者はおおむね良い相関を示したが,相関が悪い日もあった.相関が悪い事例は,赤道から収束・発散する成分を無視できず,赤道横断風モードが卓越するという仮定が成立しないと解釈されるものである.また,2 つの手法で求めた熱圏風の相関を季節別に調べると,2-4 月に両者の相関が高い一方,5-7 月に両者の相関が低いことがわかった.To comprehend ionospheric-thermospheric coupling, one must understand the thermospheric wind system. However, measuring the thermospheric wind using a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is not an easy task. Because of this difficulty, some researchers have estimated meridional wind velocities using data obtained from a pair of ionosonde stations near the geomagnetic conjugate points, under the assumption that the meridional wind is the same at the two ionosonde stations (transequatorial mode wind). In this paper, we construct the first comparison of the estimated meridional wind velocitieswith meridional wind observed with FPIs. We analyzed data from the ionosondes and FPIs installed at Chiang Mai, Thailand, and Kototabang, Indonesia, from 2010. We found that the estimated and observed wind velocities were generally in good agreement on most nights, although on some nights, the wind velocities were different. The assumption that the meridional wind is equal anywhere between the two ionosonde stations would not be suitable for the days when the winds were not in good agreement. We also investigated the seasonal dependence of the correlation between the estimated and observed meridional winds. They were in good agreement from February to April and were not in good agreement from May to July

Clinical outcomes of low-dose-rate brachytherapy based radiotherapy for intermediate risk prostate cancer.

Purpose:To monitor the outcomes for intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients treated with biologically effective dose (BED) ≥ 200 Gy radiotherapy using low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy.Material and methods:Between 2005 and 2016, a total of 397 patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer were treated by LDR-based radiotherapy with a BED ≥ 200 Gy. Treatments consisted of LDR brachytherapy alone (177 cases) or LDR and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) (220 cases). Short-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was used in 186 patients (46.9%). The median follow-up period was 72 months (range 29-165 months). Dosimetric parameters and BED were studied in each case. The numbers of intermediate-risk features were: 163 patients with 1 intermediate-risk feature (41%), 169 patients with 2 intermediate-risk features (43%), and 65 patients with 3 intermediate-risk features (16%). A total of 145 cases were diagnosed as having primary Gleason pattern 4: Gleason score 4 + 3 (36.5%).Results:Three patients developed biochemical failure, thus providing a 7-year actual biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS) rate of 99.1%. Biochemical failure was observed exclusively in cases with distant metastasis: two cases with lymph node metastasis and one case with bone metastasis, thus yielding a 7-year freedom from clinical failure (FFCF) rate of 99.1%. We observed eight deaths, but there was no death from prostate cancer, thus yielding a 7-year cause-specific survival (CSS) rate of 100%, and an overall survival (OS) rate of 98.4%.Conclusions:This study highlights excellent outcomes for intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients, including unfavorable intermediate-risk cases, treated with BED ≥ 200 Gy radiotherapy using LDR brachytherapy. LDR alone with a BED of 200 Gy may be an optimal treatment for both favorable and unfavorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients, although a longer follow-up is mandatory to confirm the present findings

An observation plan of ionospheric scintillations by use of GPS signals received in Syowa Station, Antarctica – preliminary result

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第35回極域宙空圏シンポジウム 11月16日（水） 統計数理研究所 3階リフレッシュフロ