Reduced 30% scanning time 3D multiplexer integrated circuit applied to large array format 20KHZ frequency inkjet print heads

Enhancement of the number and array density of nozzles within an inkjet head chip is one of the keys to raise the printing speed and printing resolutions. However, traditional 2D architecture of driving circuits can not meet the requirement for high scanning speed and low data accessing points when nozzle numbers greater than 1000. This paper proposes a novel architecture of high-selection-speed three-dimensional data registration for inkjet applications. With the configuration of three-dimensional data registration, the number of data accessing points as well as the scanning lines can be greatly reduced for large array inkjet printheads with nozzles numbering more than 1000. This IC (Integrated Circuit) architecture involves three-dimensional multiplexing with the provision of a gating transistor for each ink firing resistor, where ink firing resistors are triggered only by the selection of their associated gating transistors. Three signals: selection (S), address (A), and power supply (P), are employed together to activate a nozzle for droplet ejection. The smart printhead controller has been designed by a 0.35 um CMOS process with a total circuit area, 2500 x 500 microm2, which is 80% of the cirucuit area by 2D configuration for 1000 nozzles. Experiment results demonstrate the functionality of the fabricated IC in operation, signal transmission and a potential to control more than 1000 nozzles with only 31 data access points and reduced 30% scanning time.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing

High-Resolution Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging for Evaluating Myocardial Anisotropy and Fiber Tracking at 3T: the Effect of the Number of Diffusion-Sensitizing Gradient Directions

Objective: We wanted to evaluate the effect of the number of diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions on the image quality for evaluating myocardial anisotropy and fiber tracking by using in vitro diffusion tensor MR imaging (DT-MRI). Materials and Methods: The DT-MR images, using a SENSE-based echo-planar imaging technique, were acquired from ten excised porcine hearts by using a 3T MR scanner. With a b-value of 800 S/mm(2), the diffusion tensor images were obtained for 6,15 and 32 diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions at the mid-ventricular level. The number of tracked fibers, the fractional anisotropy (FA), and the length of the tracked fibers were measured for the quantitative analysis. Two radiologists assessed the image quality of the fiber tractography for the qualitative analysis. Results: By increasing the number of diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions from 6 to 15, and then to 32, the FA and standard deviation were significantly reduced (p < 0.01), and the number of tracked fibers and the length of the tracked fibers were significantly increased (p < 0.01). The image quality of the fiber tractography was significantly increased with the increased number of diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The image quality of in vitro DT-MRI is significantly improved as the number of diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions is increased.Jiang Y, 2007, AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C, V293, pH2377, DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.00337.2007Wu EX, 2007, MAGN RESON MED, V58, P687, DOI 10.1002/mrm.21350Wu EX, 2007, MAGN RESON IMAGING, V25, P1048, DOI 10.1016/j.mri.2006.12.008Wu MT, 2006, CIRCULATION, V114, P1036, DOI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONHAHA.105.545863Lee JW, 2006, INVEST RADIOL, V41, P553Okada T, 2006, RADIOLOGY, V238, P668, DOI 10.1148/radiol.2382042192CHANG YM, 2005, J KOREAN RADIOL SOC, V52, P87Tanenbaum LN, 2004, AM J NEURORADIOL, V25, P1626Nagae-Poetscher LM, 2004, AM J NEURORADIOL, V25, P1325Jones DK, 2004, MAGNET RESON MED, V51, P807, DOI 10.1002/mrm.20033Jaermann T, 2004, MAGNET RESON MED, V51, P230, DOI 10.1002/mrm.10707Naganawa S, 2004, EUR RADIOL, V14, P234, DOI 10.1007/s00330-003-2163-6Zhai GH, 2003, RADIOLOGY, V229, P673, DOI 10.1148/radiol.2293021462Cercignani M, 2003, AM J NEURORADIOL, V24, P1254Tseng WYI, 2003, J MAGN RESON IMAGING, V17, P31, DOI 10.1002/jmri.10223Jeong AK, 2001, KOREAN J RADIOL, V2, P21Holmes AA, 2000, MAGNET RESON MED, V44, P157Choi SI, 2000, RADIOLOGY, V215, P863Spotnitz HM, 2000, J THORAC CARDIOV SUR, V119, P1053Pruessmann KP, 1999, MAGNET RESON MED, V42, P952Tseng WI, 1999, MAGNET RESON MED, V42, P393Scollan DF, 1998, AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C, V275, pH2308Pierpaoli C, 1996, MAGNET RESON MED, V36, P893Taber LA, 1996, J BIOMECH, V29, P745REESE TG, 1995, MAGNET RESON MED, V34, P786EDELMAN RR, 1994, MAGNET RESON MED, V32, P423RADEMAKERS FE, 1994, CIRCULATION, V89, P1174STREETER DD, 1969, CIRC RES, V24, P339

Effects of Mitomycin C in Early Conjunctival Inflammation after Pterygium Surgery

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare inflammatory events and graft characteristics 1 month and 6 months after conjunctival limbal autograft (CLAU) with and without intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC). Methods: This study included 69 eyes of 69 patient’s eyes with pterygium. Clinical data concerning patient demography, preoperative examination including pterygium morphology, recurrence clinical assessment, and complications after CLAU with (MMC+) and without (MMC-) intraoperative MMC were all registered at 1 month and 6 months after surgery. Results: Thirty-five eyes were included in MMC+ and 34 in MMC-. Preoperative data were similar in both groups (Student’s t test and Fisher’s exact test; p > 0.05). Thirty-four (49.6%) eyes in the whole sample showed at least one inflammatory complication at 1 month after surgery. MMC- group showed a significantly higher number of cases with complications (p 0.05; Chi2 test). Pyogenic granuloma developed at the surgical site in three eyes (4.37%), two of those granulomas were at the MMC- group (p > 0.05). Tendency for recurrences was significantly different between both groups (p = 0.0001; Fisher’s exact test) at the end of 6 months. Thirteen (38%) eyes showed recurrence in MMC- and no cases were displayed in MMC+. Presence of at least 1 inflammatory event was only seen in 16 (23%) cases, all of them in MMC-. Specifically, 15 (44%) eyes showed hyperemia and one (3%) eye presented conjunctival hemorrhages. No new cases of pyogenic granuloma or graft contraction were seen at this time point in both groups. Hyperemia was the only specific event with significant differences between MMC- and MMC+ (p = 0.0001; Fisher’s exact test) at 6 months after surgery. Conclusion: The eyes receiving intraoperative MMC after CLAU seem to present less hyperemia and graft contraction after surgery than those that did not receive MMC as an adjuvant factor. Intraoperative MMC could be associated with a lower recurrence rates.Postprint (author's final draft

Badly approximable affine forms and Schmidt games

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.For any real number θ, the set of all real numbers x for which there exists a constant c(x) > 0 such that infp∈Z |θq − x − p| ≥ c(x) |q| for all q ∈ Z\{0} is an 1/8-winning set

Localizing Actions from Video Labels and Pseudo-Annotations

The goal of this paper is to determine the spatio-temporal location of actions in video. Where training from hard to obtain box annotations is the norm, we propose an intuitive and effective algorithm that localizes actions from their class label only. We are inspired by recent work showing that unsupervised action proposals selected with human point-supervision perform as well as using expensive box annotations. Rather than asking users to provide point supervision, we propose fully automatic visual cues that replace manual point annotations. We call the cues pseudo-annotations, introduce five of them, and propose a correlation metric for automatically selecting and combining them. Thorough evaluation on challenging action localization datasets shows that we reach results comparable to results with full box supervision. We also show that pseudo-annotations can be leveraged during testing to improve weakly- and strongly-supervised localizers.Comment: BMV

Quantum Pushdown Automata

Quantum finite automata, as well as quantum pushdown automata (QPA) were first introduced by C. Moore and J. P. Crutchfield. In this paper we introduce the notion of QPA in a non-equivalent way, including unitarity criteria, by using the definition of quantum finite automata of Kondacs and Watrous. It is established that the unitarity criteria of QPA are not equivalent to the corresponding unitarity criteria of quantum Turing machines. We show that QPA can recognize every regular language. Finally we present some simple languages recognized by QPA, not recognizable by deterministic pushdown automata.Comment: Conference SOFSEM 2000, extended version of the pape