3,355 research outputs found
Impact of boundaries on fully connected random geometric networks
Many complex networks exhibit a percolation transition involving a
macroscopic connected component, with universal features largely independent of
the microscopic model and the macroscopic domain geometry. In contrast, we show
that the transition to full connectivity is strongly influenced by details of
the boundary, but observe an alternative form of universality. Our approach
correctly distinguishes connectivity properties of networks in domains with
equal bulk contributions. It also facilitates system design to promote or avoid
full connectivity for diverse geometries in arbitrary dimension.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Tunable Excitons in Biased Bilayer Graphene
Recent measurements have shown that a continuously tunable bandgap of up to
250 meV can be generated in biased bilayer graphene [Y. Zhang et al., Nature
459, 820 (2009)], opening up pathway for possible graphene-based nanoelectronic
and nanophotonic devices operating at room temperature. Here, we show that the
optical response of this system is dominated by bound excitons. The main
feature of the optical absorbance spectrum is determined by a single symmetric
peak arising from excitons, a profile that is markedly different from that of
an interband transition picture. Under laboratory conditions, the binding
energy of the excitons may be tuned with the external bias going from zero to
several tens of meV's. These novel strong excitonic behaviors result from a
peculiar, effective ``one-dimensional'' joint density of states and a
continuously-tunable bandgap in biased bilayer graphene. Moreover, we show that
the electronic structure (level degeneracy, optical selection rules, etc.) of
the bound excitons in a biased bilayer graphene is markedly different from that
of a two-dimensional hydrogen atom because of the pseudospin physics
Theory of Light Emission in Sonoluminescence as Thermal Radiation
Based on the model proposed by Hilgenfeldt {\it at al.} [Nature {\bf 398},
401 (1999)], we present here a comprehensive theory of thermal radiation in
single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL). We first invoke the generalized
Kirchhoff's law to obtain the thermal emissivity from the absorption
cross-section of a multilayered sphere (MLS). A sonoluminescing bubble, whose
internal structure is determined from hydrodynamic simulations, is then
modelled as a MLS and in turn the thermal radiation is evaluated. Numerical
results obtained from simulations for argon bubbles show that our theory
successfully captures the major features observed in SBSL experiments.Comment: 17 pages, 20 figure
The electronic structure of amorphous silica: A numerical study
We present a computational study of the electronic properties of amorphous
SiO2. The ionic configurations used are the ones generated by an earlier
molecular dynamics simulations in which the system was cooled with different
cooling rates from the liquid state to a glass, thus giving access to
glass-like configurations with different degrees of disorder [Phys. Rev. B 54,
15808 (1996)]. The electronic structure is described by a tight-binding
Hamiltonian. We study the influence of the degree of disorder on the density of
states, the localization properties, the optical absorption, the nature of
defects within the mobility gap, and on the fluctuations of the Madelung
potential, where the disorder manifests itself most prominently. The
experimentally observed mismatch between a photoconductivity threshold of 9 eV
and the onset of the optical absorption around 7 eV is interpreted by the
picture of eigenstates localized by potential energy fluctuations in a mobility
gap of approximately 9 eV and a density of states that exhibits valence and
conduction band tails which are, even in the absence of defects, deeply located
within the former band gap.Comment: 21 pages of Latex, 5 eps figure
Is mindfulness Buddhist? (and why it matters).
Modern exponents of mindfulness meditation promote the therapeutic effects of "bare attention"--a sort of non-judgmental, non-discursive attending to the moment-to-moment flow of consciousness. This approach to Buddhist meditation can be traced to Burmese Buddhist reform movements of the first half of the 20th century, and is arguably at odds with more traditional Theravāda Buddhist doctrine and meditative practices. But the cultivation of present-centered awareness is not without precedent in Buddhist history; similar innovations arose in medieval Chinese Zen (Chan) and Tibetan Dzogchen. These movements have several things in common. In each case the reforms were, in part, attempts to render Buddhist practice and insight accessible to laypersons unfamiliar with Buddhist philosophy and/or unwilling to adopt a renunciatory lifestyle. In addition, these movements all promised astonishingly quick results. And finally, the innovations in practice were met with suspicion and criticism from traditional Buddhist quarters. Those interested in the therapeutic effects of mindfulness and bare attention are often not aware of the existence, much less the content, of the controversies surrounding these practices in Asian Buddhist history
Perceptron capacity revisited: classification ability for correlated patterns
In this paper, we address the problem of how many randomly labeled patterns
can be correctly classified by a single-layer perceptron when the patterns are
correlated with each other. In order to solve this problem, two analytical
schemes are developed based on the replica method and Thouless-Anderson-Palmer
(TAP) approach by utilizing an integral formula concerning random rectangular
matrices. The validity and relevance of the developed methodologies are shown
for one known result and two example problems. A message-passing algorithm to
perform the TAP scheme is also presented
Solid molecular hydrogen: The Broken Symmetry Phase
By performing constant-pressure variable-cell ab initio molecular dynamics
simulations we find a quadrupolar orthorhombic structure, of symmetry,
for the broken symmetry phase (phase II) of solid H2 at T=0 and P =110 - 150
GPa. We present results for the equation of state, lattice parameters and
vibronic frequencies, in very good agreement with experimental observations.
Anharmonic quantum corrections to the vibrational frequencies are estimated
using available data on H2 and D2. We assign the observed modes to specific
symmetry representations.Comment: 5 pages (twocolumn), 4 Postscript figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.
Let
Ice XII in its second regime of metastability
We present neutron powder diffraction results which give unambiguous evidence
for the formation of the recently identified new crystalline ice phase[Lobban
et al.,Nature, 391, 268, (1998)], labeled ice XII, at completely different
conditions. Ice XII is produced here by compressing hexagonal ice I_h at T =
77, 100, 140 and 160 K up to 1.8 GPa. It can be maintained at ambient pressure
in the temperature range 1.5 < T < 135 K. High resolution diffraction is
carried out at T = 1.5 K and ambient pressure on ice XII and accurate
structural properties are obtained from Rietveld refinement. At T = 140 and 160
K additionally ice III/IX is formed. The increasing amount of ice III/IX with
increasing temperature gives an upper limit of T ~ 150 K for the successful
formation of ice XII with the presented procedure.Comment: 3 Pages of RevTeX, 3 tables, 3 figures (submitted to Physical Review
Letters
Full Connectivity: Corners, edges and faces
We develop a cluster expansion for the probability of full connectivity of
high density random networks in confined geometries. In contrast to percolation
phenomena at lower densities, boundary effects, which have previously been
largely neglected, are not only relevant but dominant. We derive general
analytical formulas that show a persistence of universality in a different form
to percolation theory, and provide numerical confirmation. We also demonstrate
the simplicity of our approach in three simple but instructive examples and
discuss the practical benefits of its application to different models.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figure
Herbs and Rehabilitation after Stroke Study: A Multi-center, Double-blinded, Randomized Trial in Hong Kong
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