Effects of geometric constraints on the nuclear multifragmentation process

We include in statistical model calculations the facts that in the nuclear multifragmentation process the fragments are produced within a given volume and have a finite size. The corrections associated with these constraints affect the partition modes and, as a consequence, other observables in the process. In particular, we find that the favored fragmenting modes strongly suppress the collective flow energy, leading to much lower values compared to what is obtained from unconstrained calculations. This leads, for a given total excitation energy, to a nontrivial correlation between the breakup temperature and the collective expansion velocity. In particular we find that, under some conditions, the temperature of the fragmenting system may increase as a function of this expansion velocity, contrary to what it might be expected.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure

Statistical multifragmentation model with discretized energy and the generalized Fermi breakup. I. Formulation of the model

The Generalized Fermi Breakup recently demonstrated to be formally equivalent to the Statistical Multifragmentation Model, if the contribution of excited states are included in the state densities of the former, is implemented. Since this treatment requires the application of the Statistical Multifragmentation Model repeatedly on the hot fragments until they have decayed to their ground states, it becomes extremely computational demanding, making its application to the systems of interest extremely difficult. Based on exact recursion formulae previously developed by Chase and Mekjian to calculate the statistical weights very efficiently, we present an implementation which is efficient enough to allow it to be applied to large systems at high excitation energies. Comparison with the GEMINI++ sequential decay code shows that the predictions obtained with our treatment are fairly similar to those obtained with this more traditional model.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Multinational corporations and corporate social responsibility in transition economies

Many multinational enterprises have had tough experiences in learning the importance of being socially responsible. Multinational enterprises are now finally, regarding high standards of corporate behaviour as the key to success in the international market. For example, Oil company Shell lost business and declined in value due to two high profile corporate incidents in 1995. Since then, Shell has been dedicated to managing its social responsibilities as a strategic priority, aiming to build up the company’s reputation, to protect its market share and to operate in a way which satisfies all of its stakeholders (McIntosh et al, 1998). There are two major objectives of this paper: (1) to answer two critical questions in relation to corporate social responsibility: (a) what is the external dimension of corporate social responsibility for multi-national enterprises in transition economies? (b) What are the consequences for multinational enterprises if they ignore the interests of their stakeholders in the transition economies? And (2) to point out the marketing paradigms with a social responsibility focus for transition economies.Rajeev Kamineni, Ka Chun Tsan

Nuclear isotope thermometry

We discuss different aspects which could influence temperatures deduced from experimental isotopic yields in the multifragmentation process. It is shown that fluctuations due to the finite size of the system and distortions due to the decay of hot primary fragments conspire to blur the temperature determination in multifragmentation reactions. These facts suggest that caloric curves obtained through isotope thermometers, which were taken as evidence for a first-order phase transition in nuclear matter, should be investigated very carefully.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure